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BS EN 12101-13:2022 Smoke and heat control systems - Pressure differential systems (PDS). Design and calculation methods, installation, acceptance testing, routine testing and maintenance, 2022
- undefined
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Design objectives
- 5 Requirements [Go to Page]
- 5.5.2.1 General
- 5.5.2.2 Pressurization systems with passive air release
- 5.5.2.3 Pressurization systems with active air release
- 5.6.2.1 Connected lobbies
- 5.6.2.2 Connected corridors
- 5.6.3.1 General
- 5.6.3.2 Example 1: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.3 Example 2: Staircase, firefighters lift, and/or other lift shaft(s), protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.4 Example 3: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.5 Example 4: Staircase, firefighters lift and/or other lift shaft(s), protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.6 Example 5: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.7 Example 6: Staircase protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.8 Example 7: Staircase, firefighters lift and/or other lift shaft(s), protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.9 Example 8: Staircase and lobby protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.3.10 Example 9: Staircase, lobby and firefighters lift shaft protection (pressurization system)
- 5.6.6.1 General
- 5.6.6.2 Air intake
- 5.6.6.3 Air supply to firefighter lift and other lift shafts
- 5.6.6.4 Air supply to staircases
- 5.6.7.1 General
- 5.6.7.2 Passive air release by openings in the façade
- 5.6.7.3 Passive air release by shafts and/or duct systems
- 5.6.7.4 Active air release by shafts and/or duct systems
- 6 Interaction
- 7 Equipment and components – specification and installation
- 8 Testing and measuring [Go to Page]
- 8.5.5.1 General
- 8.5.5.2 Fire detection system
- 8.5.5.3 Smoke detectors as an integrated part of the PDS
- 8.5.5.4 Manual control of PDS for firefighters
- 8.5.5.5 Manual activation for means of escape (operated by escaping people)
- 9 Additional considerations for design and testing
- 10 Documentation
- 11 Testing and Maintenance, design changes, faults, routine testing and operation [Go to Page]
- 11.5.2.1 General
- 11.5.2.2 Daily testing
- 11.5.2.3 Monthly testing
- 11.5.2.4 Yearly testing
- 11.5.2.5 Auto test and communication technology
- Annex A (informative)Calculation procedures [Go to Page]
- A.1 General
- A.2 Calculation procedure
- A.3 Basic rules [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 Calculation of volume flowrates through openings (QOPENING)
- A.3.2 Air velocities through geometric openings
- A.3.3 Leakage paths [Go to Page]
- A.3.3.1 General
- A.3.3.2 Parallel leakage paths, Aep
- A.3.3.3 Series leakage paths, Aes
- A.4 Estimation of door closed volume supply rate [Go to Page]
- A.4.1 Estimation of leakage rate through closed doors [Go to Page]
- A.4.1.1 Air leakage data for closed doors
- A.4.1.2 Estimation of leakage through closed doors (QDC)
- A.4.1.3 Estimation of leakage through lift landing doors (QLD)
- A.4.2 Estimation of leakage rate via closed windows [Go to Page]
- A.4.2.1 Air leakage data for windows
- A.4.2.2 Estimation of leakage via closed windows (QWC)
- A.4.3 Estimation of leakage rates through walls [Go to Page]
- A.4.3.1 Air leakage data for walls
- A.4.3.2 Estimation of leakage through walls (QWALL)
- A.4.4 Estimation of leakage rate through floors [Go to Page]
- A.4.4.1 Air leakage data for floors
- A.4.4.2 Estimation of leakage through floors (QFLOOR)
- A.4.5 Estimation of total leakage rate with doors closed (QSDC)
- A.4.6 Estimation of other leakages (QDCOT), and final exit door leakage (QED)
- A.4.7 Estimate flushing volume (QFLUSH)
- A.4.8 Estimation of system supply rate with doors closed (QTDC)
- A.5 Estimation of door open airflows [Go to Page]
- A.5.1 Estimation of protected space door open volume flowrate through the door between the protected and unprotected space (QDO)
- A.5.2 Estimation of passive air release paths [Go to Page]
- A.5.2.1 General
- A.5.2.2 Estimation of recommended minimum vent area requirements (AVA)
- A.5.2.3 Estimation of the recommended size of air release shafts (AVS)
- A.5.3 Estimation of the pressure in the unprotected space (PUS)
- A.5.4 Estimation of the pressure in the staircase (PSC)
- A.5.5 Estimation of the pressure in the unprotected space (PUS) for active air release
- A.5.6 Estimation of the exit door flowrate (QEDO), where required by the design concept
- A.5.7 Estimation of the flowrate with the door open (QTDO)
- A.6 Finalize design [Go to Page]
- A.6.1 Estimate design flowrate (QDESIGN)
- A.6.2 Determine fan supply path [Go to Page]
- A.6.2.1 General
- A.6.2.2 Estimation of mechanical extract requirements
- A.6.3 Estimation of the pressure drop across the staircase
- A.6.4 Pressure distribution across the staircase [Go to Page]
- A.6.4.1 General
- A.6.4.2 Estimation of door opening forces; Maximum pressure across doors
- A.6.4.3 Door opening force limitations; Maximum pressure in the staircase.
- A.6.5 Estimate relief vent area (APV)
- A.7 Other considerations
- Annex B (informative)Design example and possible calculation procedures [Go to Page]
- B.1 General
- B.2 Pressurization calculation
- Annex C (informative)Further information on wind and temperature effects [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Influence of wind effect
- C.3 Pressure in the protected space
- C.4 Natural air release (Passive air release)
- C.5 Powered air release (Active air release)
- C.6 Influence of temperature effect
- C.7 Pressure control [Go to Page]
- C.7.1 Passive pressure control
- C.7.2 Active pressure control
- C.8 Assessment of meteorological effect during performance test [Go to Page]
- C.8.1 General
- C.8.2 Wind effect
- C.8.3 Stack effect
- Annex D (informative)Guidance for PDS design for buildings taller than 60 m [Go to Page]
- D.1 General
- D.2 Principles
- D.3 Requirements
- D.4 Selection of the engineering method [Go to Page]
- D.4.1 General
- D.4.2 Multizone airflow models (zone-knot-models)
- D.4.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
- D.5 Climatic input data
- D.6 Information required for simulations [Go to Page]
- D.6.1 General
- D.6.2 Content requirements
- D.6.3 Presentation of the results
- D.7 Project assessment by authorities having jurisdiction
- Annex E (informative)Example of firefighters' intervention in building equipped with PDS
- Annex F (informative)Documentation and responsibilities in the process [Go to Page]
- F.1 General
- F.2 Concept studies
- F.3 Planning and Engineering
- F.4 Execution stage
- F.5 Occupation phase
- Annex G (informative)(Example) PDS concept report
- Annex H (informative)(Example) PDS test report
- Annex I (informative)Risk assessment – List of potential disturbances
- Annex J (informative)Practical suggestions for successful commissioning
- Annex K (normative)Labelling — Information and position [Go to Page]