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BS ISO 230-1:2012 Test code for machine tools - Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions, 2012
- 30260923-VOR.pdf [Go to Page]
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 General
- 3.2 Terms for machine coordinate system and motion nomenclature
- 3.3 Terms for static compliance and hysteresis
- 3.4 Terms for linear axes [Go to Page]
- 3.4.1 General
- 3.5 Terms for axes of rotation [Go to Page]
- 3.5.1 General
- 3.6 Terms for parallelism error and squareness error of axes of motion [Go to Page]
- 3.6.1 General
- 3.7 Terms for other relationships between axis average lines
- 3.8 Terms for multi-axes motion or kinematic tests
- 3.9 Terms for geometric accuracy of machine functional surfaces, machine tool components and test pieces [Go to Page]
- 3.9.1 General
- 4 Tolerances [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Rules concerning tolerances and conformance zone
- 4.1.2 Specified measuring boundaries
- 4.1.3 Local tolerances
- 4.1.4 Overall or inclusive tolerances
- 4.2 Tolerances applicable to machine tool functional surfaces, machine tool components and test pieces
- 4.3 Additional limiting conditions associated with tolerances
- 5 Uncertainty of measurements, test methods and measuring instruments
- 6 Preliminary operations [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Installation of the machine before tests [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 General
- 6.1.2 Levelling
- 6.2 Conditions before machine tests [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Disassembling of certain components
- 6.2.2 Temperature conditions of certain components before tests
- 6.2.3 Preliminary checks
- 6.2.4 Operating conditions
- 6.3 Test setup and instrumentation [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Setup hysteresis and play test
- 6.3.3 Setup stability test
- 7 Machine static compliance and hysteresis tests [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Tests for machine static compliance and hysteresis by applying force externally [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 General
- 7.2.2 Test procedure
- 7.2.3 Data analysis
- 7.3 Tests for machine static compliance and hysteresis by applying force internally [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 General
- 7.3.2 Test procedure
- 7.3.3 Data analysis
- 7.4 Tests for machines with rotary axes
- 8 Geometric accuracy tests of axes of linear motion [Go to Page]
- 8.1 General
- 8.2 Straightness error motion tests [Go to Page]
- 8.2.1 General
- 8.2.2 Measurement setups and instrumentation [Go to Page]
- 8.2.2.1 Straightedge and a linear displacement sensor [Go to Page]
- 8.2.2.1.1 Straightedge reversal method for measurement of straightness error motion
- 8.2.2.2 Microscope and taut wire
- 8.2.2.3 Alignment telescope
- 8.2.2.4 Alignment laser
- 8.2.2.5 Laser straightness interferometer
- 8.2.3 Measurement procedure and data analysis
- 8.3 Linear positioning error motion tests [Go to Page]
- 8.3.1 General
- 8.3.2 Measurement setup and instrumentation [Go to Page]
- 8.3.2.1 Laser interferometer
- 8.3.2.2 Linear scale
- 8.3.3 Measurement procedure and data analysis
- 8.4 Angular error motions tests [Go to Page]
- 8.4.1 General
- 8.4.2 Measurement setup and instrumentation [Go to Page]
- 8.4.2.1 Precision level
- 8.4.2.2 Autocollimator
- 8.4.2.3 Laser angle interferometer
- 8.4.2.4 Method using differential straightness measurements
- 8.4.3 Measurement procedure and data analysis
- 9 Geometric accuracy tests of axes of rotation [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Reference to ISO 230-7
- 9.2 Angular positioning error motion [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 General
- 9.2.2 Measurement setup and instrumentation [Go to Page]
- 9.2.2.1 Polygon with autocollimator
- 9.2.2.2 Reference indexing table with laser interferometer/autocollimator
- 9.2.2.3 Reference rotary (angle) encoder
- 9.2.3 Test procedures and data analysis [Go to Page]
- 9.2.3.1 Periodic angular positioning error motion
- 10 Alignment of axes of motion — Parallelism, squareness, coaxiality and intersection [Go to Page]
- 10.1 Parallelism of axes of motion [Go to Page]
- 10.1.1 General
- 10.1.2 Parallelism error between two axes of linear motion (in two planes) [Go to Page]
- 10.1.2.1 Stationary point run-out method
- 10.1.2.2 Method based on the two straightness error motion measurements
- 10.1.3 Parallelism error between an axis of linear motion and a stationary axis
- 10.1.4 Parallelism error between an axis of linear motion and an axis average line of a rotary axis or machine spindle [Go to Page]
- 10.1.4.1 General
- 10.1.4.2 Method using laser straightness interferometer
- 10.1.4.3 Method using a test mandrel or a straightedge and a linear displacement sensor
- 10.1.4.4 Method using a test sphere and a linear displacement sensor
- 10.1.5 Parallelism error between two axes of rotation [Go to Page]
- 10.1.5.1 General
- 10.1.5.2 Method using a test mandrel
- 10.1.5.3 Method using two test spheres
- 10.2 Coaxiality error of axis average lines [Go to Page]
- 10.2.1 General
- 10.2.2 Stationary point run-out method (rim and face method)
- 10.3 Squareness error of axes of motion [Go to Page]
- 10.3.1 General
- 10.3.2 Squareness error between two axes of linear motion [Go to Page]
- 10.3.2.1 General
- 10.3.2.2 Method using mechanical reference square and a linear displacement sensor
- 10.3.2.3 Method using reference straightedge and a reference indexing table
- 10.3.2.4 Method using optical square and laser straightness interferometer
- 10.3.2.5 Data analysis
- 10.3.2.6 Estimating of squareness error by means of circular test and diagonal displacement test (indirect method)
- 10.3.3 Squareness error between an axis of linear motion and an axis average line of a rotary axis or a machine spindle
- 10.3.4 Squareness error between two axis average lines
- 10.4 Intersection of axis average lines [Go to Page]
- 10.4.1 General
- 10.4.2 Intersection of square axis average lines
- 10.4.3 Intersection of non-square axis average lines
- 10.4.4 Indirect measurement
- 11 Multi-axes motion (kinematic) tests [Go to Page]
- 11.1 General
- 11.2 Linear trajectories [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 General
- 11.2.2 Diagonal displacement tests [Go to Page]
- 11.2.2.1 General
- 11.2.2.2 Face diagonal test
- 11.2.2.3 Body diagonal test
- 11.2.3 Diagonal straightness tests [Go to Page]
- 11.2.3.1 General
- 11.2.3.2 Face diagonal straightness test
- 11.2.3.3 Body diagonal straightness test
- 11.3 Circular trajectories [Go to Page]
- 11.3.1 General
- 11.3.2 Full circular trajectories
- 11.3.3 Partial circular trajectories
- 11.3.4 Measuring instruments, methods and setups for circular trajectories generated by two or three linear axes — Two-dimensional or three-dimensional circular tests [Go to Page]
- 11.3.4.1 General
- 11.3.4.2 Method using rotating one-dimensional linear displacement sensor
- 11.3.4.3 Method using circular master and two-dimensional displacement sensor
- 11.3.4.4 Method using telescoping ball bar
- 11.3.4.5 Method using two-dimensional digital scale
- 11.3.4.6 Method using two linear displacement sensors and a reference square artefact
- 11.3.5 Circular motion generated by any combination of linear and rotary axes [Go to Page]
- 11.3.5.1 General
- 11.3.5.2 Method using a linear displacement sensor and a spherical artefact
- 11.3.5.3 Method using three linear displacement sensors and a spherical artefact — Radial test
- 11.3.5.4 Method using telescoping ball bar
- 11.4 Conical (shape) motion
- 11.5 Spherical interpolation test using spherical artefacts and linear displacement sensors
- 11.6 Flatness error of a surface generated by two axes of linear motion [Go to Page]
- 11.6.1 Method using reference surface plate and linear displacement sensor
- 11.6.2 Method using a sweeping alignment laser
- 11.7 Special tests [Go to Page]
- 11.7.1 General
- 11.7.2 One-dimensional ball array measurements
- 11.7.3 Two-dimensional ball array measurements
- 11.7.4 Three-dimensional ball array measurements
- 11.7.5 Multilateration method with laser interferometer
- 12 Geometric accuracy tests of machine functional surfaces — Straightness, flatness, perpendicularity and parallelism [Go to Page]
- 12.1 Straightness error of machine functional surfaces [Go to Page]
- 12.1.1 General
- 12.1.2 Methods based on measurement of distance [Go to Page]
- 12.1.2.1 General
- 12.1.2.2 Straightedge method
- 12.1.2.3 Taut-wire and microscope method
- 12.1.2.4 Alignment telescope method
- 12.1.3 Methods based on the measurement of angles [Go to Page]
- 12.1.3.1 General
- 12.1.3.2 Precision level method
- 12.1.3.3 Autocollimation method
- 12.1.3.4 Method by laser angle interferometer
- 12.1.3.5 Sequential three-points method
- 12.1.4 Straightness error of reference grooves or reference surface of tables
- 12.1.5 Straightness error of slideways
- 12.1.6 Straightness error of V-surfaces
- 12.1.7 Straightness error of cylindrical surfaces
- 12.1.8 Straightness error of single vertical surfaces
- 12.1.9 Straightness error of surfaces on slant-bed configuration
- 12.2 Flatness of machine tables [Go to Page]
- 12.2.1 Measurement of flatness error by means of a surface plate
- 12.2.2 Measurement by means of a surface plate and a linear displacement sensor
- 12.2.3 Measurement by means of straightedge(s) [Go to Page]
- 12.2.3.1 Measurement by means of a family of straight lines by displacement of a straightedge
- 12.2.3.2 Measurement by means of straightedges, a precision level and a linear displacement sensor
- 12.2.4 Measurement of flatness error by means of a precision level [Go to Page]
- 12.2.4.1 General
- 12.2.4.2 Measurement of a rectangular surface [Go to Page]
- 12.2.4.2.1 Interpretation of measured results
- 12.2.4.3 Measurement of plane surfaces with circular contours
- 12.2.5 Measurement of flatness by optical methods [Go to Page]
- 12.2.5.1 Measurement by an autocollimator
- 12.2.5.2 Measurement by a sweep optical square
- 12.2.5.3 Measurement by a sweeping alignment laser
- 12.2.5.4 Measurement by a laser interferometer system
- 12.3 Position and orientation of functional surfaces [Go to Page]
- 12.3.1 General
- 12.3.2 Parallelism of lines and planes [Go to Page]
- 12.3.2.1 General
- 12.3.2.2 Parallelism of two planes [Go to Page]
- 12.3.2.2.1 General
- 12.3.2.2.2 Measurements using straightedge and linear displacement sensor
- 12.3.2.2.3 Measurement using precision level
- 12.3.2.3 Parallelism of two axes [Go to Page]
- 12.3.2.3.1 General
- 12.3.2.3.2 In a plane passing through two axes
- 12.3.2.3.3 In a second plane perpendicular to the first
- 12.3.2.4 Parallelism between an axis and a plane
- 12.3.2.5 Parallelism between an axis of linear motion and a plane [Go to Page]
- 12.3.2.5.1 Measurement where the plane is on the moving component itself
- 12.3.2.5.2 Measurement where the plane is not on the moving component itself
- 12.3.2.6 Parallelism between an axis and the intersection of two planes
- 12.3.2.7 Parallelism between an axis of motion and the intersection of two planes
- 12.3.2.8 Parallelism between the intersection of two planes and a third plane
- 12.3.2.9 Parallelism between two straight lines, each formed by the intersection of two planes
- 12.3.3 Equidistance of two axes [Go to Page]
- 12.3.3.1 General
- 12.3.3.2 Special case of the equidistance of two axes from the plane of pivoting of one of the axes
- 12.3.4 Coaxiality
- 12.4 Squareness error and perpendicularity error between lines and planes [Go to Page]
- 12.4.1 General
- 12.4.2 Two planes at 90° to each other
- 12.4.3 Two fixed axes at 90° to each other
- 12.4.4 A stationary axis and a plane at 90° to each other
- 12.4.5 Squareness error between an axis of linear motion and a plane
- 12.4.6 Squareness error between an axis of linear motion and a stationary axis
- 12.4.7 Squareness between an axis of rotation and a stationary axis
- 12.4.8 Squareness of an axis of rotation to a plane
- 12.4.9 Squareness of an axis of rotation to the intersection of two planes
- 12.4.10 A fixed axis at 90° to the intersection of two planes
- 12.4.11 When the intersection of two planes is at 90° to another plane
- 12.4.12 When two straight lines, each formed by the intersection of two planes, are at 90° to each other
- 12.5 Run-out of rotational components [Go to Page]
- 12.5.1 Precautions before testing
- 12.5.2 External surface
- 12.5.3 Internal surface [Go to Page]