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BS EN 17488:2021 Conservation of cultural heritage. Procedure for the analytical evaluation to select cleaning methods for porous inorganic materials used in cultural heritage, 2021
- undefined
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Abbrevations
- 5 General procedure (Part A) [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 Identification of substrate and characterization of unwanted materials
- 5.3 Selection of suitable cleaning methods to be tested
- 5.4 Localization, delimitation and numbering of the cleaning trial areas
- 5.5 Design of the evaluation procedure and definition of a referenced cleaned area
- 6 On site surface investigations [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Optical observation [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 Portable digital microscope
- 6.1.2 Raking light
- 6.1.3 Portable digital stereo microscope
- 6.1.4 Fluorescence induced by UV radiation
- 6.2 Chemical/physical analysis [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Measurement of colour
- 6.2.2 Elemental analysis by portable XRF
- 6.2.3 Molecular analysis by portable FTIR
- 6.2.4 Surface ion analysis
- 6.3 Water absorption assessment [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Determination of water absorption by pipe method (in situ)
- 6.3.3 Determination of water absorption by contact sponge method (in situ)
- 6.3.4 Water drop test (in situ)
- 7 Laboratory analysis on samples taken from trial areas [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Sampling
- 7.3 Chemical/physical analysis [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Examinations of fragments surfaces by TLOM, RLOM, SEM/ESEM and EDS microanalysis
- 7.3.2 Examinations of thin and polished and cross section by TLOM, RLOM, SEM/ESEM and EDS microanalysis
- 7.3.3 Vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR, micro-FTIR and Raman) [Go to Page]
- 7.3.3.1 FTIR and Raman
- 7.3.3.2 Micro-FTIR
- 7.4 Surface morphology analysis [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Measurement of roughness (see ISO 25178)
- 7.5 Wet chemical analysis (on aqueous extract) in the case of chemical cleaning [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1 Extraction procedure [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1.1 General
- 7.5.1.2 Solubilize powder sampled from surface
- 7.5.1.3 Water washing
- 7.5.1.4 Application of pads
- 7.5.2 Analysis on aqueous extract [Go to Page]
- 7.5.2.1 General
- 7.5.2.2 Specific conductivity measurements
- 7.5.2.3 pH measurement
- 7.5.2.4 Ion content measurement
- 8 Overall evaluation of results obtained
- 9 Analytical procedure for testing methods under development on specimens of analogous material (Part B) [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General procedure
- 9.2 Preparation of test specimens [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 Number and dimensions of test specimens
- 9.2.2 Pre-conditioning of test specimens
- 9.3 Evaluation process of the cleaning method(s) under test
- 9.4 Test analysis on specimens before and after the application of cleaning methods [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 General
- 9.4.2 Determination of water absorption by capillarity
- 9.4.3 Colour measurement of surfaces
- 9.4.4 Observation of the surfaces by the stereo microscope
- 9.4.5 Determination of mass variation
- 9.4.6 Thin and polished cross sections analysis by TLOM, RLOM, SEM/ESEM-EDS [Go to Page]
- 9.4.6.1 Preparation of thin and polished cross sections
- 9.4.6.2 TLOM, RLOM, SEM/ESEM-EDS analysis
- 9.4.7 Thin and polished cross sections analysis by TLOM, RLOM, SEM/ESEM-EDS on fragments of surfaces
- 9.4.8 Cleaning application
- 9.5 Analysis of aqueous extract for chemical cleaning
- 9.6 Test report [Go to Page]
- 9.6.1 General information
- 9.6.2 Results of measurements on specimens
- Annex A (normative)Examples of trial applications [Go to Page]
- A.1 Examples of trial applications
- Annex B (informative)Test carried out, findings, inference [Go to Page]
- B.1 Test carried out, findings, inference
- Annex C (informative)Specifications to be reported for different cleaning methods (see EN 17138:2018) [Go to Page]
- C.1 Water cleaning [Go to Page]
- C.1.1 Nebulous spray and water spray
- C.1.2 Aqueous poultices with absorbent material
- C.1.3 Steam cleaning
- C.2 Mechanical cleaning [Go to Page]
- C.2.1 Micro blasting
- C.2.2 Wet jet micro blasting
- C.2.3 Cryogenic cleaning
- C.3 Physical cleaning
- C.4 Chemical cleaning [Go to Page]
- C.4.1 Organic solvents
- C.4.2 Acidic or alkaline solutions, chelating agents, surfactants
- C.4.3 Ion exchange resins [Go to Page]
