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IEEE Standard Requirements for AC High-Voltage Air Switches Rated Above 1000 V (Published), 2022
- Front Cover
- Title page
- Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
- Participants
- Introduction
- Contents
- 1. Overview [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Scope
- 1.2 Word usage
- 2. Normative references
- 3. Definitions
- 4. Service conditions [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Usual service conditions [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 General
- 4.1.2 Outdoor switch
- 4.1.3 Indoor switch
- 4.1.4 Enclosed switch
- 4.2 Unusual service conditions
- 5. Description of ratings and capabilities [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Rated power frequency
- 5.3 Rated voltage [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Rated maximum voltage
- 5.4 Rated withstand voltages [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 General
- 5.4.2 Rated power frequency withstand voltage [Go to Page]
- 5.4.2.1 General
- 5.4.2.2 Rated power frequency dry withstand voltage
- 5.4.2.3 Rated power frequency wet withstand voltage
- 5.4.2.4 Rated power frequency dew withstand voltage
- 5.4.3 Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
- 5.4.4 Rated switching impulse withstand voltage
- 5.5 Rated continuous current [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 General
- 5.5.2 Allowable continuous current
- 5.5.3 Loadability
- 5.5.4 Switch part class designation
- 5.5.5 Allowable continuous current class (ACCC) designation
- 5.5.6 Limits of observable temperature rise
- 5.6 Rated short-time withstand current [Go to Page]
- 5.6.1 General
- 5.6.2 Rated peak withstand current
- 5.6.3 Rated peak withstand current duration
- 5.6.4 Rated short-time (symmetrical) withstand current duration
- 5.7 Rated fault-making current
- 5.8 Visible corona onset voltage
- 5.9 Radio-influence voltage (RIV) limit
- 5.10 Rated ice breaking ability
- 5.11 Rated mechanical operations
- 5.12 Rated mechanical terminal load
- 5.13 Rated control voltage
- 5.14 Rated closing time (for power operated switches)
- 5.15 Switching endurance—fault-initiating switch
- 5.16 Rated load-making current
- 6. Design and construction [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Station class outdoor air disconnect switches [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 Insulators
- 6.1.2 Arrangement and size of bolt holes in terminal pads
- 6.1.3 Phase spacing (pole spacing)
- 6.1.4 Ground clearance
- 6.1.5 Single-pole switch dimensions
- 6.1.6 Base mounting holes
- 6.2 Distribution class outdoor air disconnect switches [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Insulators
- 6.2.2 Arrangement and size of bolt holes in terminal pads
- 6.2.3 Phase spacing (pole spacing)
- 6.2.4 Ground clearance
- 6.2.5 Single pole switch dimensions
- 6.3 Station class outdoor regulator bypass switches [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Insulators
- NOTE—Mechanical strength of insulators may need to be increase based upon application. Consult IEEE Std 605 [B8] and IEEE C2.
- 6.3.2 Arrangement and size of bolt holes in terminal pads
- 6.3.3 Phase spacing (pole spacing)
- 6.3.4 Ground clearance
- 6.3.5 Single-pole switch dimensions
- 6.3.6 Base mounting holes
- 6.4 Distribution class outdoor regulator bypass switches [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 Insulators
- 6.4.2 Arrangement and size of bolt holes in terminal pads
- 6.4.3 Phase spacing (pole spacing)
- 6.4.4 Ground clearance
- 6.4.5 Single-pole switch dimensions
- 6.5 Indoor air switches [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 Insulators
- 6.5.2 Arrangement and size of bolt holes in terminal pads
- 6.5.3 Phase spacing
- 6.5.4 Single pole switch dimensions
- 6.6 Grounding air switches
- 6.7 Fault-initiating switches
- 6.8 Nameplate markings [Go to Page]
- 6.8.1 General
- 6.8.2 Fault-initiating switches
- 6.8.3 Power operating mechanism nameplate
- 6.9 Switch accessories [Go to Page]
- 6.9.1 Hook stick lengths
- 6.9.2 Heaters for operating mechanisms
- 6.10 Instructions
- 6.11 Grounding requirements
- 6.12 Locking devices
- 6.13 Position indication
- 6.14 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
- 6.15 Welding
- 6.16 Preferred ratings tables and figure
- 7. Test code [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Withstand voltage tests [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 General
- 7.2.2 Power frequency withstand voltage tests [Go to Page]
- 7.2.2.1 Power frequency dry withstand voltage test
- 7.2.2.2 Power frequency wet withstand voltage test
- 7.2.2.3 Power frequency dew withstand voltage test
- 7.2.2.4 Voltage application for power frequency dry and wet withstand voltage tests
- 7.2.2.5 Voltage application for power frequency dew withstand voltage test
- 7.2.2.6 Frequency and wave shape of the power frequency withstand voltage test
- 7.2.2.7 Mounting of specimen
- 7.2.2.8 Measurement of voltage
- 7.2.2.9 Points of application of voltage
- 7.2.2.10 Wet withstand voltage test standards, water resistivity, and rate of precipitation
- 7.2.2.11 Dew withstand voltage test standards
- 7.2.3 Lightning impulse dry withstand voltage tests [Go to Page]
- 7.2.3.1 Full wave voltage test
- 7.2.3.2 Mounting of specimen
- 7.2.3.3 Conductors for use in tests
- 7.2.3.4 Proximity of other objects
- 7.2.3.5 Wave shape and tolerances
- 7.2.3.6 Points of application of voltage
- 7.2.3.7 Number of tests
- 7.2.3.8 Measurement of voltage
- 7.2.4 Power frequency and lightning impulse open gap withstand voltage test [Go to Page]
- 7.2.4.1 General
- 7.2.4.2 Standard test [Go to Page]
- 7.2.4.2.1 Mounting arrangement
- 7.2.4.2.2 Test procedure
- 7.2.4.2.3 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.2.4.3 Bias test [Go to Page]
- 7.2.4.3.1 General
- 7.2.4.3.2 Test procedure
- 7.2.4.3.3 Number of tests
- 7.2.4.3.4 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.2.5 Switching-impulse voltage tests of switches rated 362 kV and above [Go to Page]
- 7.2.5.1 Equipment to be tested
- 7.2.5.2 Mounting arrangement
- 7.2.5.3 Conductors for use in tests
- 7.2.5.4 Proximity of other objects
- 7.2.5.5 Points of application of voltage
- 7.2.5.6 Wave shape for switching impulse withstand voltage tests
- 7.2.5.7 Determination of withstand voltage
- 7.2.5.8 Switching impulse voltage open-gap withstand test [Go to Page]
- 7.2.5.8.1 General
- 7.2.5.8.2 Test procedure
- 7.2.5.8.3 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.3 Temperature rise tests [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Continuous current tests [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1.1 General
- 7.3.1.2 Mounting
- 7.3.1.3 Connections
- 7.3.1.4 Test procedure
- 7.3.1.5 Method of temperature determination
- 7.3.1.6 Value of ambient temperature during test
- 7.3.1.7 Determination of ambient temperature
- 7.3.1.8 Measurement of equipment temperature
- 7.3.1.9 Duration of continuous current test
- 7.3.1.10 Observable temperature rise
- 7.3.1.11 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.3.2 Switch performance test [Go to Page]
- 7.3.2.1 General
- 7.3.2.2 Conditions of test
- 7.3.2.3 Ambient temperature during test
- 7.3.2.4 Duration of switch performance test
- 7.3.2.5 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.4 Short-time withstand current tests [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 General
- 7.4.2 Test conditions
- 7.4.3 Switch connections
- 7.4.4 Measurement of current
- 7.4.5 Peak withstand current tests [Go to Page]
- 7.4.5.1 General
- 7.4.5.2 Test procedure
- 7.4.6 Short-time (symmetrical) withstand current test [Go to Page]
- 7.4.6.1 General
- 7.4.6.2 Test procedure
- 7.4.7 Condition of switch after test
- 7.5 Fault-making current test
- 7.6 Ice loading test [Go to Page]
- 7.6.1 General
- 7.6.2 Ice formations
- 7.6.3 Test methods [Go to Page]
- 7.6.3.1 General
- 7.6.3.2 Switch surface condition
- 7.6.3.3 Test arrangement
- 7.6.3.4 Measurement of ice thickness
- 7.6.4 Test conditions [Go to Page]
- 7.6.4.1 General
- 7.6.4.2 Controlled environment (indoor laboratory)
- 7.6.4.3 Natural environment (outdoor)
- 7.6.5 Test procedure [Go to Page]
- 7.6.5.1 Manually-operated switches
- 7.6.5.2 Power operated switches
- 7.6.5.3 Fault initiating switches
- 7.6.6 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.7 Mechanical operations tests [Go to Page]
- 7.7.1 General
- 7.7.2 Test arrangement
- 7.7.3 Test procedure [Go to Page]
- 7.7.3.1 General
- 7.7.3.2 Number of operations
- 7.7.3.3 Terminal loading
- 7.7.3.4 Power operated switches
- 7.7.3.5 Switch maintenance during test
- 7.7.4 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.8 Corona tests [Go to Page]
- 7.8.1 General
- 7.8.2 Switches requiring corona tests
- 7.8.3 Test equipment
- 7.8.4 Frequency and wave shape of test voltage
- 7.8.5 Atmospheric conditions
- 7.8.6 Conductors for use in tests
- 7.8.7 Condition of switch
- 7.8.8 Method for conducting tests
- 7.8.9 Proximity of other objects
- 7.8.10 Pre-excitation prior to testing
- 7.8.11 Test voltage application
- 7.8.12 Corona-free voltage requirement
- 7.8.13 Criteria for acceptance
- 7.9 Radio-influence voltage tests [Go to Page]
- 7.9.1 General
- 7.9.2 Test equipment
- 7.9.3 Methods for conducting tests [Go to Page]
- 7.9.3.1 Outdoor group operated switches and single-pole switches
- 7.9.3.2 Multipole housed apparatus
- 7.9.4 Proximity of other objects
- 7.9.5 Ambient radio noise
- 7.9.6 Frequency and wave shape of test voltage
- 7.9.7 Atmospheric conditions
- 7.9.8 Test on assembled equipment
- 7.9.9 Precautions
- 7.10 Partial discharge test
- 7.11 Routine tests
- Annex A (informative) Applications, guides, and suggested practices [Go to Page]
- A.1 Selection of insulation levels
- A.2 General application conditions [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 General
- A.2.2 Suggested practices—general
- A.2.3 Unloaded transformer switching
- A.2.4 Bus, line, and insulated cable switching
- A.3 Use of higher temperature materials
- A.4 Switching impulse voltage tests of switch open gap
- A.5 Reference data
- A.6 Historical data
- Annex B (informative) Guide to current interruption with horn gap switches [Go to Page]
- B.1 Basic suggestions
- B.2 Arc reach [Go to Page]
- B.2.1 Resistive or excitation current interruption
- B.2.2 Capacitive current interruption
- B.3 Adequacy of switch clearance [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 Minimum phase clearance to grounded objects
- B.3.2 Phase-to-phase clearance for resistive, excitation, or capacitive current interruption
- B.4 Calculation of suggested current interruption
- B.5 Sample calculations [Go to Page]
- B.5.1 Example 1
- B.5.2 Example 2
- B.5.3 Example 3
- Annex C (informative) Application conditions for continuous load current capability [Go to Page]
- C.1 Allowable continuous current
- C.2 Switch part class designation
- C.3 Allowable continuous current class (ACCC) designation
- C.4 Allowable continuous current capability
- C.5 Allowable continuous current class designation for ANSI C37.30-1962 switches
- C.6 Exceptions to temperature limitations
- C.7 Precautions
- C.8 Loadability curves for continuous load current
- C.9 Application conditions for emergency load current capability [Go to Page]
- C.9.1 Considerations
- C.9.2 Capabilities
- C.9.3 Loadability curves for emergency load current
- Annex D (informative) Installation, operation, and maintenance [Go to Page]
- D.1 Receipt and preparation [Go to Page]
- D.1.1 Handling
- D.1.2 Unpacking
- D.1.3 Assembly and rigging
- D.2 Installation [Go to Page]
- D.2.1 Personnel safety during installation
- D.2.2 Instructions for assembly
- D.2.3 Alignment
- D.2.4 Rigidity
- D.2.5 Line conductors
- D.2.6 Bus conductors
- D.2.7 Equipment connections
- D.2.8 Ground connections
- D.2.9 Adjustments
- D.2.10 Cleaning equipment
- D.2.11 Inspection
- D.3 Operation [Go to Page]
- D.3.1 General
- D.3.2 Air switches [Go to Page]
- D.3.2.1 General
- D.3.2.2 Disconnecting, grounding, and horn-gap switches
- D.4 Maintenance
- Annex E (informative) Short-time (symmetrical) withstand current and electromagnetic force equations [Go to Page]
- E.1 Calculation of short-time (symmetrical) withstand current limits
- E.2 Calculation of electromagnetic forces
- Annex F (informative) Suggested sizes of conductors for temperature rise testing
- Annex G (informative) Bibliography
- Back Cover [Go to Page]
