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ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping , 2008
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- ASME COMMITTEE ROSTER
- INTRODUCTION
- SUMMARY OF CHANGES
- Chapter I Scope and Definitions [Go to Page]
- 900 GENERAL [Go to Page]
- 900.1 Scope [Go to Page]
- 900.1.1 Coverage and Application.
- 900.1.2 Services and Limits
- 900.2 Terms and Definitions
- 900.3 Nomenclature
- Chapter II Design [Go to Page]
- PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA [Go to Page]
- 901 DESIGN CONDITIONS [Go to Page]
- 901.1 General
- 901.2 Pressure [Go to Page]
- 901.2.1 Internal Design Pressure.
- 901.2.2 External Design Pressure.
- 901.2.3 Required Containment or Relief.
- 901.3 Temperature
- 901.4 Ambient Influences [Go to Page]
- 901.4.1 Cooling, Effects on Pressure.
- 901.4.2 Fluid Expansion Effects.
- 901.5 Dynamic Effects
- 901.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads
- 902 DESIGN CRITERIA [Go to Page]
- 902.1 General
- 902.2 Pressure– Temperature Design Criteria for Piping Components [Go to Page]
- 902.2.1 Components Having Specific Ratings
- 902.2.2 Components Not Having Specific Ratings.
- 902.2.3 Ratings, Normal Design Conditions.
- 902.2.4 Ratings at Transitions.
- 902.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits [Go to Page]
- 902.3.1 Allowable Stress Values
- 902.3.2 Limits of Calculated Stresses due to Sus-tained Loads and Thermal Expansion or Contraction
- 902.3.3 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occa-sional Loads
- 902.4 Allowances [Go to Page]
- 902.4.1 Corrosion or Erosion.
- 902.4.2 Threading and Grooving.
- 902.4.3 Joint Efficiency Factors.
- 902.4.4 Mechanical Strength.
- PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS [Go to Page]
- 903 CRITERIA FOR PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
- 904 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS [Go to Page]
- 904.1 Straight Pipe [Go to Page]
- 904.1.1 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure
- 904.1.2 Straight Metallic Pipe Under External Pres-sure.
- 904.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe [Go to Page]
- 904.2.1 Pipe Bends
- 904.2.2 Miter Joints.
- PART 3 SELECTION AND LIMITATION OF COMPONENTS [Go to Page]
- 905 PIPE [Go to Page]
- 905.1 General [Go to Page]
- 905.1.1 Listed Pipe.
- 905.2 Specific Limitations [Go to Page]
- 905.2.1 Cast Iron Pipe.
- 905.2.2 Steel Pipe.
- 905.2.3 Copper Alloy Pipe and Tube.
- 905.2.4 Nonmetallic Pipe.
- 905.2.5 Thermoplastics Pipe.
- 906 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND INTERSECTIONS [Go to Page]
- 906.1 Fittings [Go to Page]
- 906.1.1 Listed Fittings.
- 906.2 Bends and Miter Joints
- 906.3 Limitations on Fittings
- 907 VALVES [Go to Page]
- 907.1 General [Go to Page]
- 907.1.1 Listed Valves.
- 907.1.2 Unlisted Valves.
- 907.2 Marking
- 908 FLANGES, BLANKS, GASKETS, AND BOLTING [Go to Page]
- 908.1 General [Go to Page]
- 908.1.1 Listed Components.
- 908.2 Flange Facings
- 908.3 Gaskets
- 908.4 Bolting
- PART 4 SELECTION AND LIMITATION OF JOINTS [Go to Page]
- 910 PIPING JOINTS
- 911 WELDED JOINTS [Go to Page]
- 911.1 Metallic Pipe [Go to Page]
- 911.1.1 Butt and Miter Welds.
- 911.1.2 Socket Welding.
- 911.1.3 Fillet Welds.
- 911.1.4 Seal Welds.
- 911.2 Nonmetallic Pipe [Go to Page]
- 911.2.1 Thermoplastic Welding.
- 911.2.2 Thermoplastic SocketWelding.
- 912 FLANGED JOINTS
- 913 MECHANICAL AND PROPRIETARY JOINTS [Go to Page]
- 913.1 Limitations on Mechanical and Proprietary Joints
- 914 THREADED JOINTS [Go to Page]
- 914.1 Acceptable Types
- 914.2 Limitations on Threaded Joints
- 915 FLARED, FLARELESS, AND COMPRESSION JOINTS
- 916 BELL AND SPIGOT JOINTS [Go to Page]
- 916.1 Caulked or Leaded Joints
- 916.2 Push- Type Elastomer Gasket
- 917 BRAZED AND SOLDERED JOINTS [Go to Page]
- 917.1 General
- 917.2 Brazed Joints
- 917.3 Soldered Joints [Go to Page]
- 917.3.1 General.
- 917.3.2 Limitations.
- PART 5 EXPANSION, FLEXIBILITY, AND SUPPORT [Go to Page]
- 919 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY [Go to Page]
- 919.1 General
- 919.2 Concepts [Go to Page]
- 919.2.1 General.
- 919.2.2 Means of Providing Flexibility.
- 919.2.3 Flexibility in Nonmetallic Piping.
- 919.3 Properties for Analysis [Go to Page]
- 919.3.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion.
- 919.4 Analysis, Metallic Piping [Go to Page]
- 919.4.1 Requirements for Analysis
- 920 LOADS ON PIPE- SUPPORTING ELEMENTS [Go to Page]
- 920.1 General [Go to Page]
- 920.1.1 Loads on Supports.
- 920.1.2 Loads on Restraints
- 920.1.3 Other Loads.
- 920.2 Test Loads [Go to Page]
- 920.2.1 Test Loads on Rigid Supports.
- 920.2.2 Test Loads on Spring Hangers.
- 921 DESIGN OF PIPE- SUPPORTING ELEMENTS [Go to Page]
- 921.1 General [Go to Page]
- 921.1.1 Materials and Stresses.
- 921.1.2 Hanger Adjustments.
- 921.1.3 Support Spacing
- Fig. 921.1.3- 1 Support Spans for Standard Wall Steel Pipe
- Fig. 921.1.3- 2 Support Spans for Copper and Thermoplastic Pipe [Go to Page]
- 921.1.4 Springs.
- 921.2 Fixtures [Go to Page]
- 921.2.1 Anchors and Guides
- 921.2.2 Other Rigid Supports
- PART 6 SYSTEMS [Go to Page]
- 922 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS [Go to Page]
- 922.1 Pressure Reducing Systems [Go to Page]
- 922.1.1 General.
- 922.1.2 Alternative Systems.
- 922.1.3 Bypass Valves.
- 922.1.4 Design of Valves and Relief Devices.
- 922.2 Steam Trap Piping [Go to Page]
- 922.2.1 Drip Lines.
- 922.2.2 Discharge Piping.
- 922.3 Fuel Oil Piping [Go to Page]
- 922.3.1 Pipe Material
- 922.3.2 Joints
- 922.3.3 Valves.
- Chapter III Materials [Go to Page]
- 923 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS [Go to Page]
- 923.1 Materials and Specifications [Go to Page]
- 923.1.1 Listed or Published Specifications.
- 923.1.2 Materials Not Listed.
- 923.1.3 Used Materials.
- 923.1.4 Limitations on Unknown Materials.
- 923.2 Limitations on Specific Metals [Go to Page]
- 923.2.1 Cast Iron.
- 923.2.2 Ductile Iron.
- 923.2.3 Copper and Copper Alloys.
- 923.2.4 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys.
- 923.3 Limitations on Specific Nonmetals [Go to Page]
- 923.3.1 General.
- 923.3.2 Thermoplastics.
- 923.3.3 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin.
- 923.3.4 Composite Materials.
- 923.4 Coatings and Linings
- 923.5 Deterioration in Service
- Chapter IV Component Requirements and Standard Practices [Go to Page]
- 926 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS [Go to Page]
- 926.1 Standard Piping Components [Go to Page]
- 926.1.1 Boiler External Piping.
- 926.2 Standard Practices
- 926.3 Nonstandard Piping Components
- 926.4 Abbreviations
- Chapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection [Go to Page]
- 927 WELDED FABRICATION OF METALS [Go to Page]
- 927.1 General
- 927.2 Materials [Go to Page]
- 927.2.1 Electrodes and Filler Metal.
- 927.2.2 Backing Rings.
- 927.3 Preparation [Go to Page]
- 927.3.1 Butt and Miter Welds
- 927.3.2 Fillet Welds.
- 927.4 Rules for Welding [Go to Page]
- 927.4.1 General
- 927.4.2 Butt and Miter Welds
- 927.5 Qualification
- 927.6 Qualification Requirements [Go to Page]
- 927.6.1 Standard Welding Procedures.
- 927.6.2 Procedure Qualification by Others.
- 927.6.3 Performance Qualification by Others.
- 927.6.4 Qualification Records.
- 928 BRAZING AND SOLDERING OF METALS [Go to Page]
- 928.1 Brazing [Go to Page]
- 928.1.1 Brazing Materials
- 928.1.2 Preparation and Technique.
- 928.1.3 Brazing Qualification.
- 928.2 Soldering [Go to Page]
- 928.2.1 Materials
- 928.2.2 Preparation and Technique.
- 929 BENDING [Go to Page]
- 929.1 General
- 930 FORMING [Go to Page]
- 930.1 General
- 930.2 Mechanically Formed Extruded Outlets in Copper Tube
- 931 HEAT TREATMENT
- 934 FABRICATION OF NONMETALS [Go to Page]
- 934.1 Joining Thermoplastic Piping [Go to Page]
- 934.1.1 Materials.
- 934.1.2 Solvent Cemented Joints
- 934.1.3 Heat Fusion Joints
- 934.1.4 Flared Joints and Elastomeric Sealed Joints
- 934.2 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping Joints [Go to Page]
- 934.2.1 Materials.
- 934.2.2 Preparation.
- 934.2.3 Chemical Setting Adhesive Joints.
- 934.2.4 Hand Lay- Up Joints.
- 934.3 Repair of Defective Work
- 935 ASSEMBLY [Go to Page]
- 935.1 General
- 935.2 Bolting Procedure [Go to Page]
- 935.2.1 Alignment.
- 935.2.2 Gasket Loading.
- 935.2.3 Steel- to- Iron Flanged Joints.
- 935.2.4 Bolt Engagement.
- 935.3 Bell and Spigot Joints [Go to Page]
- 935.3.1 Caulked Joints.
- 935.3.2 Elastomeric Joints.
- 935.4 Threaded Piping [Go to Page]
- 935.4.1 Threading.
- 935.4.2 Joint Compound.
- 935.4.3 Seal Welded Joints.
- 935.4.4 Backing Off.
- 935.4.5 Threaded Plastic Pipe.
- 935.5 Flare Joints
- 935.6 Ferrule Bite Joints
- 935.7 Compression Joints
- 935.8 Other Mechanical and Proprietary Joints
- 935.9 Borosilicate Glass Piping
- 935.10 Equipment Connections
- 935.11 Cold Spring
- 935.12 Valve Installation
- 935.13 Repair of Defective Work
- Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing [Go to Page]
- 936 INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION [Go to Page]
- 936.1 General [Go to Page]
- 936.1.1 Quality System Program.
- 936.2 Required Inspection [Go to Page]
- 936.2.1 Access to the Work.
- 936.2.2 Rights of Owner.
- 936.3 Responsibility for Examination
- 936.4 Methods of Examination [Go to Page]
- 936.4.1 Visual Examination.
- 936.5 Type and Extent of Required Examination
- 936.6 Acceptance Criteria [Go to Page]
- 936.6.1 Girth Welds and Groove Welds.
- 936.6.2 Fillet Welds.
- 936.6.3 Brazed and Soldered Joints.
- 936.6.4 Threaded Joints.
- 936.6.5 Caulked and Leaded Joints.
- 936.6.6 Flanged Joints.
- 936.6.7 Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints.
- 936.6.8 Mechanical and Proprietary Joints.
- 936.6.9 Solvent- Cemented, Adhesive, and Heat- Fusion Joints.
- 936.6.10 Hand Lay- Up Joints.
- 937 LEAK TESTING [Go to Page]
- 937.1 General
- 937.2 Preparation for Testing [Go to Page]
- 937.2.1 Exposure of Joints.
- 937.2.2 Temporary Supports.
- 937.2.3 Expansion Joints.
- 937.2.4 Equipment Not Subject to Testing.
- 937.2.5 Precautions Against Overpressure.
- 937.3 Hydrostatic Testing [Go to Page]
- 937.3.1 Test Medium.
- 937.3.2 Vents and Drains.
- 937.3.3 Preliminary Check.
- 937.3.4 Hydrostatic Test Pressure
- 937.3.5 Examination for Leakage.
- 937.4 Pneumatic Testing [Go to Page]
- 937.4.1 General.
- 937.4.2 Test Medium.
- 937.4.3 Preliminary Test.
- 937.4.4 Pneumatic Test Pressure
- 937.4.5 Examination for Leakage.
- 937.5 Initial Service Leak Test [Go to Page]
- 937.5.1 General.
- 937.5.2 Service Testing.
- FIGURES [Go to Page]
- 900.1.2 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum Type Boilers
- 904.2.2 Nomenclature for Miter Joints
- 921.1.3-1 Support Spans for Standard Wall Steel Pipe
- 921.1.3-2 Support Spans for Copper and Thermoplastic Pipe
- 927.4.3-1 Fillet Weld Size
- 927.4.3-2 Minimum Weld Size, Setback, and Depth of Insertion for Slip-On and Socket Weld Flanges
- 927.4.3-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket-Welding Components Other Than Flanges
- 927.4.5-1 Acceptable Welds for Flat Heads
- 927.4.5-2 Unacceptable Welds for Flat Heads
- 927.4.6-1 Typical Weld Branch Connections
- 927.4.6-2 Typical Weld Details
- TABLES [Go to Page]
- 902.4.3 Joint Factors, E
- 904.2.1 Pipe Thickness for Bends
- 917.3 Rated Internal Working Pressures of Joints Made With Copper Water Tube and Solder Joint Fittings, psig
- 919.3.1 Moduli of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficients
- 921.2.2 Capacities of Threaded ASTM A 36 Steel Rods
- 926.1 Component Standards and Specifications
- 926.2 Standard Practices
- MANDATORY APPENDICES [Go to Page]
- I STRESS TABLES
- II ALLOWABLE PRESSURES FOR NONMETALLIC, NONPLASTIC PRESSURE PIPING [Go to Page]
- Table II- 1 Alowable Pressures for Nonmetallic, Nonplastic Pressure Piping
- III REFERENCE STANDARDS
- IV PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES [Go to Page]
- IV- 1 INTRODUCTION
- IV- 2 REQUIREMENTS
- IV- 3 SUBMITTAL
- NONMANDATORY APPENDICES [Go to Page]
- A NONMANDATORY QUALITY SYSTEM PROGRAM1
- B SEISMIC DESIGN AND RETROFIT OF PIPING SYSTEMS [Go to Page]
- B- 1 PURPOSE [Go to Page]
- B- 1.1 Scope
- B- 1.2 Definitions
- B- 1.3 Required Input
- B- 2 MATERIALS [Go to Page]
- B- 2.1 Applicability
- B- 2.2 Retrofit
- B- 3 DESIGN [Go to Page]
- B- 3.1 Seismic Loading
- B- 3.2 Design Method
- B- 3.3 Design By Rule
- B- 3.4 Design By Analysis
- Table B- 3.2.1 Seismic Design Requirements, Applicable Sections
- Table B- 3.3.1 Maximum Span ( ft) Between Lateral Seismic Restraints for Steel Pipe With a Yield Stress of 35 ksi, in Water Service at 70 ° F [Go to Page]
- B- 3.5 Alternative Design Methods
- B- 3.6 Mechanical Joints
- B- 3.7 Seismic Restraints
- B- 3.8 Equipment and Components
- B- 4 INTERACTIONS
- B- 5 DOCUMENTATION
- B- 6 MAINTENANCE
- B- 7 REFERENCES
- INDEX
- INTERPRETATIONS [Go to Page]