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ASCE/EWRI 69-19: Standard Guidelines for Managed Aquifer Recharge, 2020
- CONTENTS
- PREFACE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Chapter 1: Introduction [Go to Page]
- 1.1 Purpose
- 1.2 Scope
- 1.3 Organization of This Standard Guidelines
- Chapter 2: Groundwater Fundamentals and Occurrence [Go to Page]
- 2.1 Hydrologic Cycle
- 2.2 Groundwater Occurrence and Use
- 2.3 Groundwater Movement [Go to Page]
- 2.3.1 Groundwater Recharge
- 2.3.2 Groundwater Storage
- 2.3.3 Groundwater Discharge
- 2.4 Groundwater Quality
- Chapter 3: Managed Aquifer Recharge Concepts [Go to Page]
- 3.1 Purposes and Objectives
- 3.2 Components of a MAR System
- 3.3 Sources of Recharge Water
- 3.4 Pretreatment
- 3.5 Recharge [Go to Page]
- 3.5.1 Surface Infiltration
- 3.5.2 Vadose (Unsaturated) Zone Recharge
- 3.5.3 Saturated Zone Recharge
- 3.6 Subsurface Storage
- 3.7 Recovery
- 3.8 Post-treatment
- 3.9 End Uses
- Chapter 4: Planning [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Initial Project Scoping [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Define MAR Objectives
- 4.1.2 Preliminary Conceptual Plan
- 4.2 Initial Planning Activities [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Develop Evaluation Criteria
- 4.2.2 Example Water Sources and Demand Criteria
- Availability of Water
- Proximity of Source Water
- Source Water Quality
- Estimates of Water Demand
- 4.2.3 Example Site Hydrogeology Criteria
- Hydrogeologic Suitability
- Amount of Available Storage
- Residence Time
- Induced Seismicity
- 4.2.4 Example Environmental Criteria
- Waterlogging and Nonbeneficial Use
- Habitat Concerns
- Effects on Aquifer Water Quality
- 4.2.5 Example Implementation Criteria
- Proximity to Existing Infrastructure
- Proximity to Demand
- Landownership and Land Use
- Cost
- Site Access and Security
- Conditions Surrounding the Site
- 4.2.6 Example Regulatory Criteria
- Water Quantity Laws and Regulations
- Water Quality Laws and Regulations
- Environmental Laws and Regulations
- Other Institutional and Regulatory Issues
- 4.2.7 Data Gathering for Criteria Evaluation
- 4.3 Detailed Planning: Identify Final Potential MAR Project Sites [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Initial Project Site Screening
- 4.3.2 Detailed Evaluation
- 4.3.3 Selection of Sites for Feasibility Studies
- 4.3.4 Public Participation
- 4.3.5 Documentation
- Initial Site Screening Report
- Conceptual Plan Report
- Chapter 5: Design and Testing [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Design Phases [Go to Page]
- 5.1.1 Conceptual Design
- 5.1.2 Preliminary Design
- 5.1.3 Final Design
- 5.1.4 Computer Modeling for Design
- 5.2 Design Considerations for Surface Facilities [Go to Page]
- 5.2.1 Hydrogeology
- 5.2.2 Site Location, Size, Layout, and Operational Flexibility
- 5.2.3 Basin Design
- 5.2.4 Source Water
- 5.2.5 Water Quality
- 5.2.6 Pre- and Post-Treatment in Sedimentation Basins
- 5.2.7 Flow Structures
- 5.2.8 Flow Measurement
- 5.2.9 Maintenance
- 5.2.10 Mound Management
- 5.2.11 Groundwater Monitoring
- 5.2.12 Regulatory and Water Rights
- 5.3 Design Considerations for Subsurface Facilities [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Hydrogeology
- 5.3.2 Well Field Layout
- 5.3.3 Well Design
- 5.3.4 Source Water
- 5.3.5 Water Quality and Compatibility
- 5.3.6 Water Treatment
- 5.3.7 Well Pumps and Piping
- 5.3.8 Corrosion Protection
- 5.3.9 Flow Measurement
- 5.3.10 Maintenance
- 5.3.11 Mound Management
- 5.3.12 Groundwater Monitoring
- Monitoring Only
- Semi-Automatic
- Fully Automatic
- 5.3.13 Regulatory and Water Rights
- 5.4 Pilot Testing
- 5.5 Design Documents [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Preparation of Detailed Plans and Specifications
- Surface Facilities
- Subsurface Facilities
- 5.5.2 MAR Project Operation and Maintenance Plan
- 5.5.3 Periodic Review Schedule
- 5.5.4 Project Life
- Chapter 6: Construction [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Site Preparation
- 6.2 Aquifer Construction for Surface Facilities [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Site Excavation and Grading
- 6.2.2 Flow Structures and Piping
- 6.2.3 Facility Start-Up and Testing
- 6.3 Aquifer Construction for Subsurface Facilities [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Drilling
- 6.3.2 Well Construction and Development
- 6.3.3 Aquifer and Well Performance Testing
- 6.3.4 Installation of Pump and Piping
- 6.3.5 Facility Start-Up and Testing
- 6.4 Electrical and SCADA System
- 6.5 Water Treatment Facilities [Go to Page]
- 6.5.1 Common Water Treatment Issues
- 6.5.2 Facility Start-Up and Testing
- 6.6 Monitoring Equipment
- 6.7 Construction Records
- Chapter 7: Operations and Maintenance of Mar Facilities [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Start-Up and Training [Go to Page]
- 7.1.1 Start-Up for Surface Recharge Facilities
- 7.1.2 Start-Up for Subsurface Recharge Facilities
- 7.1.3 Operator Training
- 7.2 Operations and Maintenance for Surface Facilities [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Operational Data and Analyses to Evaluate System Performance
- 7.2.2 Issues Affecting Surface MAR Operations
- 7.2.3 Clogging
- 7.2.4 Shallow Groundwater Levels
- 7.2.5 Undesirable Health Effects
- 7.2.6 Facility Integrity
- 7.2.7 Site Security
- 7.3 Operations and Maintenance for Subsurface Facilities [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Operational Data and Analyses to Evaluate System Performance
- 7.3.2 Issues Affecting Subsurface MAR Operations
- 7.3.3 Clogging of Recharge Wells
- Suspended Material
- Chemical Reaction
- Air-Binding
- Biological Growth
- 7.3.4 Clogging of a Vadose Zone Well
- 7.3.5 Redevelopment of Recharge Wells
- 7.3.6 Sand Production
- 7.3.7 Site Security
- 7.3.8 Well Shutdown
- 7.4 Water Quality Monitoring and Treatment [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Monitoring
- 7.4.2 Treatment
- Chapter 8: Facility Closure [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Surface Infiltration Facilities
- 8.2 Subsurface Facilities
- Chapter 9: Data Collection and Analysis [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Data Collection
- 9.2 Data Collection Phases [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 Planning Phase
- Prefeasibility Planning Phase
- Feasibility Planning Phase
- 9.2.2 Design Phase
- 9.2.3 Construction Phase
- 9.2.4 Operations and Maintenance Phase
- 9.2.5 Closure Phase
- 9.3 Data Organization and Management
- 9.4 Data Needs for MAR Feasibility Studies [Go to Page]
- 9.4.1 Source Water
- Water Availability
- Water Rights Effects on Delivery
- 9.4.2 Recharge Method
- Landownership
- Topographic Data
- Target Aquifer Characteristics
- Water Level Data
- Vadose Zone Properties
- 9.4.3 Aquifer Storage Recovery
- Aquifer Geometry and Extent, Geologic Data
- Aquifer Geometry and Extent, Geophysical Data
- Surface Geophysical Methods
- Subsurface Geophysical Methods
- Aquifer Properties
- Groundwater Quality and Compatibility
- Water Quality Databases
- Water Quality Concerns
- 9.4.4 Impacts
- Regional Water Level Data and Monitoring
- MAR Facility Effects on Other Water Rights
- Land Subsidence and Heave
- Induced Seismicity
- 9.5 Data Analysis [Go to Page]
- 9.5.1 Source Water Delivery Analysis
- Pretreatment Capacity
- Infrastructure Rehabilitation
- 9.5.2 Estimating Recharge and Recovery Volumes and Efficiency
- Surface Basin Dimensions, Infiltration Rates, and Volumes
- Surface Recharge Mound Height
- Well Recharge Rates, Volumes, and Spacing
- Groundwater Flow, Hydrochemical Tracer Methods
- Simulating Wet/Dry Cycle Times
- Recovery Efficiency
- Target Storage Volume
- 9.6 Modeling [Go to Page]
- 9.6.1 Mass Balance Models
- 9.6.2 Numerical Models
- 9.6.3 Data Collection for Modeling
- 9.6.4 Determining Sensitive Variables
- 9.6.5 Data Collection for Uncertainty Analysis
- 9.6.6 Geochemical Modeling
- 9.7 Monitoring and Compliance Data
- 9.8 Operational Data Collection
- 9.9 Data Collection to Evaluate Performance
- 9.10 Reporting
- Appendix A: Glossary of Groundwater Terms
- Appendix B: Notations and Symbols
- Appendix C: Mar Regulations in the United States [Go to Page]
- C.1 Federal Laws and Regulations Related to MAR [Go to Page]
- C.1.1 Federal Regulations for Recharge Wells
- C.1.2 SDWA for the Recovered Water
- C.2 MAR Regulations in Selected States [Go to Page]
- C.2.1 Arizona Managed Aquifer Recharge Regulations.
- C.2.2 California Groundwater Basin Management and MAR Projects
- C.2.2.1 MAR Projects as a Component of California Groundwater Management Plans
- C.2.2.2 Local Ordinances and Agreements Affecting MAR Projects
- C.2.2.3 Water Quality Permits in California
- C.2.2.4 Additional California State and Local Agency Involvement in MAR Projects
- C.2.2.5 California Environmental Quality Act
- C.2.2.6 Involvement of Federal Agencies in California MAR Projects
- C.2.2.7 Construction of a MAR Project
- C.2.3 Recharge Regulations in Colorado
- C.2.4 MAR Rules and Regulations in Nebraska
- C.2.5 MAR Rules and Regulations in New Mexico
- C.2.5.1 Establishing Water Rights
- C.2.5.2 Obtaining Discharge Permits
- C.2.6 MAR Rules and Regulations in Texas
- Appendix D: CASE STUDIES [Go to Page]
- Case Study 1 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 2 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Case Study 3 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Case Study 4 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 5 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome: Nitrate Flushing
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 6 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Case Study 7 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Thermal Effects
- Microbial and Geochemical Effects
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 8 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Case Study 9 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 10 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 11 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Acknowledgments
- Case Study 12 Description [Go to Page]
- Project Description
- Particular Challenges Encountered or Overcome
- Acknowledgments
- REFERENCES
- INDEX [Go to Page]
