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ASME MFC-19G Wet Gas Flowmetering Guideline , 2008
- FOREWORD
- STANDARDS COMMITTEE ROSTER
- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 2 SYMBOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS [Go to Page]
- 2.1 English Symbols
- 2.2 Greek Symbols
- 2.3 Definition of Terms 2.3.1 Common Terms Used when Describing Wet Gas Flow. [Go to Page]
- 2.3.2 Other Two- Phase Flow Liquid to Gas Ratio Phrases.
- 3 TYPES OF WET GAS FLOWS
- 4 FLOW PATTERN
- 5 FLOW PATTERN MAPS
- 6 METERS USED WITH WET GAS FLOWS [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Single- Phase Gas Meters and Wet Gas Correlations [Go to Page]
- 6.1.1 Single- Phase Gas Differential Pressure (.
- 6.1.2 Non-. [Go to Page]
- 6.1.2.1 Turbine Meters.
- 6.1.2.2 Vortex Shedding Meters.
- 6.1.2.3 Coriolis Meters.
- 6.1.2.4 Ultrasonic Meters ( USM's).
- 6.1.3 Summary of Single- phase Gas Meter Performance With Wet Gas Flows.
- 6.1.4 Supplemental Systems Required for Single- Phase Meters Used With Wet Gas Flows 6.1.4.1 Separator Approach to Wet Natural Gas Production Flowmetering. [Go to Page]
- 6.1.4.2 The Throttling Calorimeter.
- 6.1.4.3 Tracer Injection Methods.
- 6.1.4.4 Capacitance Meters.
- 6.1.4.5 A Concluding Statement on Single- Phase Gas Meters and Wet Gas Correlations.
- 6.2 Wet Gas Meter Component Technologies [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 Multiple Single- Phase Meters in Series.
- 6.2.2 Differential Pressure Meter Classical DP/ Total Head Loss Wet Gas Meters.
- 6.2.3 Fast Response Sensor System.
- 6.2.4 Prototype Wet Gas Meters.
- 6.3 High GVF Multiphase Meter Design System Components
- 6.4 Nodal Analysis, Integrated Modeling, and Virtual Meters
- 7 WET GAS SAMPLING [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Sampling Techniques
- 8 PRESSURE, VOLUME, AND TEMPERATURE ( PVT) PHASE PROPERTY CALCULATIONS [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Subsurface Sampling
- 8.2 Surface Recombination Sampling
- 9 WET GAS FLOWMETERING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General Wet Gas Flowmetering Practical Issues
- 10 UNCERTAINTY OF A WET GAS METERING SYSTEM
- Figures [Go to Page]
- 4-1 Horizontal Wet Gas Flow Patterns
- 4-2 Vertical Wet Gas Flow Patterns
- 5-1 A Horizontal Flow Pattern Map (created by Shell Exploration and Production)
- 5-2 A General Flow Pattern Map
- 6.1.1-1 Reproduction of Murdock's Two-Phase Flow Orifice Plate Meter Plot
- 6.1.1-2 Wet Gas Flow Venturi Meter Data
- 6.1.1-3 Wet Gas Flow Venturi Meter Data With Separated Pressure
- 6.1.1-4 Gas Flow Venturi Meter Data With Separated Frg
- 6.1.1-5 NEL Wet Gas 4 in. Venturi Data for 31 bar(a), Frg=1.5
- .1.1-6 NEL 4-in., Schedule 80, 0.75 Beta Ratio Venturi Meter, Gas-to-Liquid DensityRatio of 0.046, Gas Densiometric Froude Number of 1.5
- 6.1.1-7 NEL 4-in., Schedule 80, 0.75 Beta Ratio Venturi Meter, Gas-to-Liquid Density Ratio of 0.046, Gas Densiometric Froude Number of 2.5
- 6.1.1-8 NEL 4-in., Schedule 80, 0.75 Beta Ratio Venturi Meter, Gas-to-Liquid Density Ratio of 0.046, Gas Densiometric Froude Number of 4.5
- 6.1.1-9 4-in. and 2-in. Venturi Meters With Similar Wet Gas Flows Showing a DP Meter Diameter Effect
- 6.1.2.1-1 NEL/Stewart's Turbine Meter Wet Gas Response for Liquid Mass Fraction of 2%
- 6.1.2.1-2 Ting's Turbine Meter Wet and Dry Gas Flow Rate Results at CEESI
- 6.1.2.1-3 Turbine Meter Wet Gas K-Factor Deviation Results
- 6.1.2.2-1 Washington [25, 26] Field Data for Wet Natural Gas Flow
- 6.1.2.2-2 NEL Nitrogen/Kerosene 30 bar Vortex Shedding Meter Data
- 6.1.2.2-3 NEL Nitrogen/Kerosene Vortex Shedding Meter Data Capped at Maximum Lockhart-Martinelli Parameters Before Data Becomes Erratic
- 6.1.2.2-4 Results of the Linear Fit Wet Gas Correlations Presented in Fig. 6.1.2.1-2 for Known Liquid Flow Rates
- 6.1.2.3-1 NEL 4-in. Coriolis Meter 30 bar Wet Gas Data
- 6.1.2.3-2 NEL 4-in. Coriolis Meter 30 bar Total Mass Flow Rate Wet Gas Data
- 6.1.2.3-3 2-in. Micro Motion Coriolis Flowmeter Wet Gas Test Data
- 6.1.2.3-4 Endress + Hauser Coriolis Meter, XLM < 0.035
- 6.1.2.3-5 Micro Motion Coriolis Meter, XLM < 0.035
- 6.1.2.4-1 JIP Four-Path Ultrasonic Meter Wet Gas Results
- 6.1.2.4-2 Gas Flow Error of a 6 in., Four-Path Ultrasonic Meter With Wet Gas Flow at 50 bar
- 6.1.2.4-3 6-in. Two-Path Ultrasonic Flowmeter Wet Gas Overreading Vs. LVF%
- 6.1.2.4-4 6-in. Clamp-On Ultrasonic Gas Meter Wet Gas Flow Performance
- 6.1.4.1 Separator Vessel That Separates Gas, Oil, and Water
- 6.1.4.2-1 Schematic Diagram of a Throttling Calorimeter
- 6.1.4.2-2 Mollier Diagram Sketch for Wet Steam With Throttling Process Shown
- 6.1.4.3 Tracer Dilution Method Being Applied Across a Venturi Meter
- 6.2 Jamieson's Multiphase Flow Triangle
- 6.2.2 4 in., 0.4 Beta Ratio Venturi Meter Pressure Loss Ratio Vs. Lockhart–Martinelli Parametersat 45 bar
- 6.4 Schematic of a Generic Multi-Wet Gas/Multiphase Flow Satellite Well Tie-Back
- 9.1-1 Hydrate Blockage in a Section of Pipe
- 9.1-2 Pressure–Temperature Phase Boundary Conditions for Methane Hydrate
- 9.1-3 Cross-Sectional View of Hydrates in a Flow Stream
- 9.1-4 Orifice Plate Removed From a Coal Bed Methane Wet Gas Flow After Three Months' Service
- 9.1-5 Sample of Scale Taken From a Wet Gas Meter
- 9.1-6 Wet Gas Flow Scale Buildup Around a DP-Based Wet Gas Meter
- 9.1-7 Wet Gas Flowmeter After Scale Removed
- 9.1-8 Salts Built Up in Natural Gas Production Line
- 9.1-9 Orifice Plate Buckled by a Slug Strike While in Wet Gas Service
- 9.1-10 Example of Poor Level Control in Three-Phase Separator, Leading to Water in Oil Leg
- 9.1-11 PDO Wet Gas Venturi Meter With Frost and Frost Clear Sections Showing Thermodynamic Effects as Significant
- Table [Go to Page]
- 10 Conversion Factor for Uncertainty at Different Confidence Levels
- Nonmandatory Appendices [Go to Page]
- A DETAILS INVOLVING THE DEFINITION OF TERMS A- 1 THE ORIGINS OF THE LOCKHART– MARTINELLI PARAMETER
- B DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GAS VOLUME FRACTION AND THE GAS TO TOTAL VOLUME RATIO PER UNIT LENGTH OF PIPE IN STEADY FLOW
- C INCOMPATIBILITY OF DIFFERENT SUGGESTED WET GAS DEFINITIONS C- 1 GENERAL
- D EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS FOR CONVERSIONS OF WET GAS FLOW PARAMETERS D- 1 GENERAL
- E API WET GAS DEFINITIONS E- 1 GENERAL
- F WET GAS FLOW CONDITION SAMPLE CALCULATIONS F- 1 GENERAL
- G DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE METER WET GAS CORRELATIONS G- 1 INTRODUCTION
- H ORIGINS OF THE EXISTING WET GAS FLOW DP METER CORRELATIONS H- 1 INTRODUCTION
- I THROTTLING CALORIMETER WORKED EXAMPLE
- J DETAILS OF GENERIC WET GAS FLOW METERING CONCEPTS J- 1 SINGLE- PHASE METERS IN SERIES J- 1.1 Differential Pressure Meters in Series
- K AVAILABLE PUBLISHED AND PRESENTED INFORMATION ON MARKETED WET GAS METERS FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY K- 1 WET GAS FLOWMETERING TECHNOLOGIES
- L TECHNICAL DETAILS OF WET GAS FLOWMETER PROTOTYPE DESIGNS
- M OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY- BASED MULTIPHASE METERS AND PHASE FRACTION DEVICES USED FOR WET GAS METERING M- 1 GENERAL
- N WET GAS FLOWMETERING UNCERTAINTY N- 1 GENERAL
- O PRACTICAL ISSUES REGARDING METERING STEAM FLOW O- 1 GENERAL
- P BIBLIOGRAPHY [Go to Page]