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ASME PTC 13 - 2018: Wire-To-Air Performance Test Code for Blower Systems, 2018
- CONTENTS
- NOTICE
- FOREWORD
- ASME PTC COMMITTEE ROSTER
- CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
- INTRODUCTION
- Section 1 Object and Scope [Go to Page]
- 1-1 OBJECT [Go to Page]
- 1-1.1 Objectives
- 1-1.2 Performance Parameters
- 1-1.3 Operating Conditions
- 1-2 SCOPE
- 1-3 APPLICABILITY
- 1-4 TEST UNCERTAINTY
- 1-5 REFERENCES
- Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms [Go to Page]
- 2-1 SYMBOLS
- 2-2 SUBSCRIPTS
- 2-3 DEFINITIONS
- Section 3 Guiding Principles [Go to Page]
- 3-1 INTRODUCTION
- 3-2 PERFORMANCE TEST OPERATING PHILOSOPHY [Go to Page]
- 3-2.1 Prior Agreements
- 3-2.2 Preliminary Test Runs
- 3-3 TESTS: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THIS TEST CODE [Go to Page]
- 3-3.1 Conversion of Test Results
- 3-3.2 Application Limitations
- 3-3.3 Side Streams
- 3-3.4 Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate
- 3-3.5 Specific Volume Ratio
- 3-3.6 Exchanges of Heat Across the Control Volume
- 3-3.7 Measurement of Speed
- 3-3.8 Mechanical Flow Modulation
- 3-3.9 Preparation
- 3-3.10 Starting and Stopping
- 3-3.11 Steady State
- 3-3.12 Readjustments
- 3-3.13 Data Collection
- 3-3.14 Test Administration
- 3-4 INSTRUMENTS [Go to Page]
- 3-4.1 Location and Identification of Instruments
- 3-4.2 Frequency and Timing of Observations
- 3-5 TEST OPERATION [Go to Page]
- 3-5.1 Safety
- 3-5.2 Reference Boundaries
- 3-5.3 Test and Specified Thermodynamic Properties
- 3-5.4 Permissible Deviations Between Test and Specified Operating Conditions [Go to Page]
- 3-5.4.1 Operational Speed Deviation.
- 3-5.5 Test Point Data Collection
- 3-5.6 Performance Curve Data Collection
- 3-5.7 Establishing Minimum Continuous Flow
- 3-5.8 Establishing Maximum Continuous Flow
- 3-5.9 Inconsistent Measurements
- 3-5.10 Errors and Uncertainties
- 3-5.11 Piping
- 3-6 RECORDS [Go to Page]
- 3-6.1 Data Records and the Test Log
- 3-6.2 Analysis and Interpretation
- Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement [Go to Page]
- 4-1 GENERAL CONSIDERATION [Go to Page]
- 4-1.1 Instrument Selection
- 4-1.2 Calibration Certificates
- 4-2 POWER [Go to Page]
- 4-2.1 Wire Power Measurement Technique
- 4-3 PRESSURE [Go to Page]
- 4-3.1 Pressure Measurement Standards
- 4-3.2 Pressure Measurement Selection
- 4-3.3 Instrument Verification
- 4-3.4 Pressure Measurement Averaging
- 4-3.5 Pressure Measurement Locations
- 4-3.6 Pressure Measurement Instrument Types
- 4-3.7 Velocity Pressure
- 4-3.8 Static Pressure
- 4-3.9 Total Pressure
- 4-3.10 Inlet Pressure
- 4-3.11 Discharge Pressure
- 4-3.12 Ambient Pressure
- 4-3.13 Pressure Measurement Constraints
- 4-4 TEMPERATURE [Go to Page]
- 4-4.1 Temperature Measurement Standards
- 4-4.2 Instrument Selection
- 4-4.3 Instrument Verification
- 4-4.4 Temperature Measurement Averaging
- 4-4.5 Temperature Measurement Locations
- 4-4.6 Temperature Measurement
- 4-4.7 Total Temperature
- 4-4.8 Inlet Temperature
- 4-4.9 Discharge Temperature
- 4-4.10 Temperature Measurement Constraints
- 4-5 VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE [Go to Page]
- 4-5.1 Flow-Measuring Devices
- 4-5.2 Location of Flow-Measuring Device and Instrumentation
- 4-5.3 Flow Conditioners
- 4-5.4 Metering Section Fabrication of Piping
- 4-5.5 Metering Section Piping Adjacent to the Primary Element
- 4-5.6 General Equation for Mass Flow Rate Through a Differential Pressure Class Meter
- 4-5.7 Empirical Formulations for Discharge Coefficient, Cd
- 4-5.8 Thermal Expansion/Contraction of Pipe and Primary Element
- 4-5.9 Procedure for Sizing a Differential Pressure Class Meter and Selection
- 4-5.10 Restrictions of Use
- 4-5.11 Flow Calculation Procedure
- 4-5.12 Introduction to Orifice Meters
- 4-5.13 Machining Tolerances and Dimensions for Differential Pressure Taps
- 4-5.14 Location of Temperature and Static Pressure Measurements
- 4-5.15 Piping and Test Arrangement
- 4-6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
- 4-7 SPEED MEASUREMENT
- Section 5 Computation of Results [Go to Page]
- 5-1 INTRODUCTION [Go to Page]
- 5-1.1 The Calculation Procedure
- 5-1.2 Fluctuations
- 5-1.3 Total Pressure and Temperature Conditions
- 5-1.4 Test Pressure
- 5-1.5 Test Temperature: Recovery Factor
- 5-1.6 Test Density
- 5-1.7 Speed Irregularity
- 5-1.8 Inlet Volumetric Flow Rate Definition
- 5-2 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR IDEAL GASES [Go to Page]
- 5-2.1 Water Vapor and Air Components
- 5-2.2 Conversion From Standard Condition to Site-Actual Volumetric Flow Rate
- 5-2.3 Specific Heat of Constant Pressure and Ratio of Specific Heats
- 5-2.4 Calculating Predicted Power
- 5-3 DYNAMIC BLOWERS [Go to Page]
- 5-3.1 Specific Volume Ratio
- 5-3.2 Isentropic Compression Work per Unit Mass (Isentropic Head)
- 5-3.3 Dynamic Blower Power Prediction: Test Flow/Speed Matching Specified Flow/Speed
- 5-3.4 Machine Mach Number
- 5.4 PD BLOWERS [Go to Page]
- 5-4.1 Adjustment of Results to Specified Conditions
- 5-4.2 Test Pressure Ratio
- 5-4.3 Test Flow Rate
- 5-4.4 Power Predictions
- 5-4.5 Deviation From Specified Data
- Section 6 Report of Results [Go to Page]
- 6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
- 6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- 6-3 DETAILED REPORT [Go to Page]
- 6-3.1 Detailed Report: Instruments or Test Apparatus
- 6-3.2 Detailed Report: Measurements
- 6-4 APPENDICES
- Section 7 Test Uncertainty [Go to Page]
- 7-1 OVERVIEW
- 7-2 UNDERSTANDING TEST UNCERTAINTY [Go to Page]
- 7-2.1 Uncertainty Versus Error
- 7-2.2 Systematic Standard Uncertainty, bi
- 7-2.3 Combining Systematic Uncertainties
- 7-2.4 Correlated vs. Uncorrelated Systematic Uncertainty
- 7-2.5 Random Standard Uncertainty of a Sample, sx¯
- 7-2.6 Sensitivity Coefficients, Θi
- 7-2.7 Absolute Systematic, bR, and Random Standard, sR, Uncertainty
- 7-2.8 Combining Absolute Systematic, bR, and Random Standard, sR, for Combined Uncertainty, uR
- 7-2.9 Calculating Expanded Uncertainty of the Result, UR
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 3-5.2-1 Blower Package Performance Boundary and Internal Reference Boundaries
- Figure 3-5.4-1 Allowable Machine Mach Number Departures for Dynamic Blowers
- Figure 4-2.1.1-1 Power Analyzer Connection (Single Point)
- Figure 4-2.1.1-2 Power Analyzer Connection Including Secondary/Additional Power Feed
- Figure 4-3.5-1 Inlet Configuration
- Figure 4-3.5-2 Discharge Configuration
- Figure 4-3.5-3 Vortex Producing Axial Inlet
- Figure 4-3.5-4 Diffusing Volute Discharge With Nonsymmetric Flow
- Figure 4-3.7-1 Pipe Velocity Measurement Loci
- Figure 4-3.8-1 Reinforced Pressure Tap for Thin Wall Piping
- Figure 4-3.10-1 Package Inlet
- Figure 4-5.3-1 Recommended Designs of Flow Conditioner
- Figure 4-5.5-1 Flow-Measuring Device Piping Arrangement
- Figure 4-5.12.3-1 Deflection of an Orifice Plate by Differential Pressure
- Figure 5-1.1-1 Calculation Methodology Framework
- Figure 7-2.1.1-1 Measurement Error Diagram
- Figure 7-2.1.1-2 Gaussian Probability Distribution Curve
- Figure B-1-1 Preliminary Steps
- Figure B-5.1-1 Dynamic Blower Test Calculations
- Figure B-9-1 Allowable Machine Mach Numbers for Dynamic Blowers
- Figure B-10-1 Final Calculations
- Figure C-2-1 Preliminary Steps
- Figure C-5.1-1 PD Blower Testing
- Figure C-9-1 Final Calculations
- Figure D-2.3-1 Allowable Machine Reynolds Number Departures for Dynamic Blowers
- Figure D-2.3-2 Reynolds Boundary Limit Verification
- Figure F-2.1.1-1 Performance Curve for a Typical PD Blower
- Figure F-2.1.2-1 Performance Curve for a Typical Dynamic Blower
- Figure F-2.1.3-1 Performance Curve for Any Type Blower
- Figure F-2.1.3-2 Blower Comparison Curve
- Figure F-2.1.3-3 Site Performance Curve
- Figure F-2.3-1 Estimate of Average Daily Flow
- Figure H-1-1 Specific Gas Constant of Air
- Figure H-1-2 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (ft ∙ lbf/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
- Figure H-1-3 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (Btu/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
- Figure H-1-4 Ratio of Specific Heats
- Figure K-2-1 Compression Process, Pressure Volume
- Figure K-2.1-1 Isentropic Compression Process Considering Intermediate Compression Exponent
- Figure K-2.1-2 Corresponding Enthalpy vs. Entropy Diagram
- Figure L-1-1 Overview of the Compressor Test Point Location
- Figure L-1-2 Target Test Point
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 2-1-1 Nomenclature
- Table 2-2-2 Subscripts
- Table 3-5.2-1 Process and Fluid Components
- Table 3-5.2-2 Electric Power-Related Components
- Table 3-5.4-1 Permissible Deviations of Similitude Parameters for a Test of Dynamic Blowers
- Table 3-5.4-2 Permissible Deviations of Operating Conditions for Positive Displacement (PD) Blowers
- Table 3-5.5-1 Permissible Fluctuations of Test Readings
- Table 4-2.1.2-1 Minimum Accuracy and Function Requirement of Power Analyzer
- Table 4-5.3-1 Loss Coefficients for Flow Conditioners
- Table 4-5.6-1 Values of Constants in the General Equation for Various Units
- Table A-2-1 Power Measurement Data
- Table A-2-2 Summary Results of Power Measurements
- Table A-3.1-1 Independent Parameters for Isentropic Head Uncertainty Calculation Example
- Table A-3.1-2 Equations of Sensitivity Contribution for Isentropic Head
- Table A-3.1-3 Summary of Relative Uncertainties
- Table A-3.2-1 Equations of Sensitivity Contribution
- Table A-3.2-2 Independent Parameters for Volumetric Flow Rate Uncertainty Calculation Example
- Table A-3.2-3 Summary of Relative Uncertainties
- Table A-4-1 Systematic Standard Uncertainty Component of a Parameter
- Table A-4-2 Random Standard Uncertainty of the Mean of N Measurements
- Table C-1.1-1 Physical Constants and Properties
- Table C-2.1-1 Properties of Air at Specified Conditions
- Table C-2.2-1 Specified Design Points
- Table C-3.2-1 Process and Fluid Components
- Table C-3.2-2 Electric Power-Related Components
- Table C-5.5-1 Ambient Conditions at Test
- Table C-7-1 Results of Initial Test Run
- Table C-10-1 Specified and Test Conditions and Deviation
- Table D-2.3-1 Machine Reynolds Number Correction Example
- Table E-1-1 Orifice Geometry and Measurements
- Table E-1-2 Properties of Air at Test Conditions
- Table F-2.3-1 Pattern of System Demand
- Table F-2.3.1-1 Five-Point Evaluation Parameters
- Table F-2.3.1-2 Airflow Rate Calculations
- Figure H-1-1 Specific Gas Constant of Air
- Figure H-1-2 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (ft ∙ lbf/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
- Figure H-1-3 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (Btu/lbm ∙ °R) and Temperature
- Figure H-1-4 Ratio of Specific Heats
- Table K-2.1-1 Comparison of Mixed (Average) and Inlet Conditions for Ratio of Specific Heats
- Table K-2.4-1 Comparison of Compression Processes
- Table M-2-1 Recommended Straight Lengths for Orifice Plates and Nozzles (From ASME PTC 19.5, Table 7-1.2-1)
- Table M-2-2 Recommended Straight Lengths Between Orifice Plates and Fittings Without Flow Conditioners (From ASME MFC-3M-2004, Table 2-3)
- Mandatory Appendix I Airflow Conversions [Go to Page]
- I-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE [Go to Page]
- I-1.1 Given Conditions
- I-1.2 Objective of Calculations
- I-2 CALCULATIONS [Go to Page]
- I-2.1 Saturated Vapor-Pressure Beta Coefficients
- I-2.2 Saturated Vapor Pressures
- I-2.3 Air Mixture Vapor Pressures
- I-2.4 Air Mixture Molecular Weights
- I-2.5 Air Mixture Densities
- I-2.6 Air Mixture Humidity Ratios, HR, Specific Humidities, SH
- I-2.7 Mass Flow of Mixture at Standard Conditions
- I-2.8 Mass Flow of Dry Air
- I-2.9 Mass Flow of Mixture at Specified Conditions
- I-2.10 Volumetric Flow Rate of Mixture
- II-3 A SIMPLIFIED EQUATION
- Nonmandatory Appendices [Go to Page]
- Nonmandatory Appendix A Sample Uncertainty Calculations [Go to Page]
- A-1 INTRODUCTION
- A-2 POWER MEASUREMENT
- A-3 ISENTROPIC HEAD AND VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
- A-4 SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOM STANDARD UNCERTAINTY EXAMPLES
- Nonmandatory Appendix B Sample Calculation: Dynamic Blowers [Go to Page]
- B-1 INTRODUCTION
- B-2 STEP 1: DETERMINE CONDITIONS
- B-3 STEP 2: DETERMINE BLOWER TYPE, DIMENSIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
- B-4 STEP 3: ESTIMATE OPERATING CONDITION TARGETS FOR TEST
- B-5 STEP 4: TEST PREPARATION
- B-6 STEP 5: DETERMINE DISCHARGE PRESSURE FOR TEST
- B-7 STEP 6: RUN THE TEST
- B-8 STEP 7: CALCULATE PERFORMANCE AND COMPARE PARAMETERS
- B-9 PERMISSIBLE DEVIATIONS
- B-10 STEP 8: RUN FINAL CALCULATIONS
- B-11 STEP 9: PERFORMANCE DEVIATION REPORTING AND TEST REPORTING
- Nonmandatory Appendix C Sample Calculation: PD Blowers [Go to Page]
- C-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
- C-2 STEP 1: DETERMINE CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE
- C-3 STEP 2: DETERMINE BLOWER TYPE
- C-4 STEP 3: RUN PRETEST CALCULATIONS
- C-5 STEP 4: PREPARE FOR TEST
- C-6 STEP 5: ESTIMATE DISCHARGE PRESSURE/FLOW RATE FOR TEST RUN
- C-7 STEP 6: MEASURE CONDITIONS
- C-8 STEP 7: CALCULATE PROPERTIES
- C-9 STEP 8: RUN FINAL CALCULATIONS
- C-10 STEP 9: PERFORMANCE DEVIATION REPORTING AND TEST REPORTING
- Nonmandatory Appendix D Sample Calculation: Machine Reynolds Number Correction [Go to Page]
- D-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
- D-2 MACHINE REYNOLDS NUMBER
- D-3 REFERENCE
- Nonmandatory Appendix E Sample Calculation: Orifice Flowmeter [Go to Page]
- E-1 OBJECT AND SCOPE
- E-2 CALCULATING ORIFICE FLOW RATE
- E-3 DISCUSSION
- Nonmandatory Appendix F Duty Cycles [Go to Page]
- F-1 INTRODUCTION
- F-2 SPECIFIED POINTS OF OPERATION
- Nonmandatory Appendix G Thermodynamic Properties [Go to Page]
- G-1 SCOPE AND CONTENT
- G-2 DEFINITIONS
- G-3 THERMODYNAMIC STATES AND PROPERTIES
- G-4 EQUATIONS OF STATE
- Nonmandatory Appendix H Gas Reference Figures [Go to Page]
- H-1 GAS REFERENCE CHARTS
- Nonmandatory Appendix J Optional Calculations [Go to Page]
- J-1 INTRODUCTION
- J-2 SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
- J-3 BLOWER DISCHARGE AIR TEMPERATURE
- Nonmandatory Appendix K Compression Process [Go to Page]
- K-1 INTRODUCTION
- K-2 COMPRESSION PROCESSES
- Nonmandatory Appendix L Similitude Consideration [Go to Page]
- L-1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- L-2 SIMILITUDE EQUATIONS
- Nonmandatory Appendix M Commentary on ASME PTC 19.5-2004 [Go to Page]
- M-1 ANTICIPATED REVISIONS
- M-2 RECOMMENDED STRAIGHT LENGTHS OF PIPE FOR ORIFICE PLATES AND NOZZLES
- M-3 CALCULATION OF EXPANSIBILITY FACTOR AND DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT [Go to Page]