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ASME PTC 19.5-2004 (R2013): Application, Part II of Fluid Meters: Interim Supplement on Instruments and Apparatus, 2004
- CONTENTS
- NOTICE
- FOREWORD
- COMMITTEE ROSTER
- CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 19.5 COMMITTEE
- Section 1 Object and Scope [Go to Page]
- 1-1 OBJECT
- 1-2 SCOPE
- Section 2 Definitions, Values, and Descriptions of Terms [Go to Page]
- 2-1 PRIMARY DEFINITIONS AND SYSTEMS OF UNITS
- 2-2 HISTORICAL DEFINITIONS OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
- 2-3 SYMBOLS AND DIMENSIONS
- 2-4 THERMAL EXPANSION
- 2-5 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 3 Differential Pressure Class Meters [Go to Page]
- 3-0 NOMENCLATURE
- 3-1 GENERAL EQUATION FOR MASS FLOW RATE THROUGH A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METER
- 3-2 BASIC PHYSICAL CONCEPTS USED IN THE DERIVATION OF THE GENERAL EQUATION FOR MASS FLOW
- 3-3 THEORETICAL FLOW RATE — LIQUID AS THE FLOWING FLUID
- 3-4 THEORETICAL FLOW RATE — GAS OR VAPOR AS THE FLOWING FLUID
- 3-5 ERRORS INTRODUCED IN THEORETICAL MASS FLOW RATE BY IDEALIZED FLOW ASSUMPTIONS
- 3-6 DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C IN THE INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID EQUATION
- 3-7 DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C AND THE EXPANSION FACTOR FOR GASES
- 3-9 DETERMINING COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE FOR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METERS
- 3-10 THERMAL EXPANSION/CONTRACTION OF PIPE AND PRIMARY ELEMENT
- 3-11 SELECTION AND RECOMMENDED USE OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METERS
- 3-12 RESTRICTIONS OF USE
- 3-13 PROCEDURE FOR SIZING A DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS METER
- 3-14 FLOW CALCULATION PROCEDURE
- 3-15 SAMPLE CALCULATION
- 3-16 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 4 Orifice Meters [Go to Page]
- 4-0 NOMENCLATURE
- 4-1 INTRODUCTION
- 4-2 TYPES OF THIN-PLATE, SQUARE-EDGED ORIFICES
- 4-3 CODE COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
- 4-4 MULTIPLE SETS OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TAPS
- 4-5 MACHINING TOLERANCES, DIMENSIONS, AND MARKINGS FOR ORIFICE PLATE
- 4-6 MACHINING TOLERANCES AND DIMENSIONS FOR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TAPS
- 4-7 LOCATION OF TEMPERATURE AND STATIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
- 4-8 EMPIRICAL FORMULATIONS FOR DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C
- 4-9 LIMITATIONS AND UNCERTAINTY OF EQS. (4-8.1) THROUGH (4-8.7) FOR DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT C
- 4-10 UNCERTAINTY OF EXPANSION FACTOR �
- 4-11 UNRECOVERABLE PRESSURE LOSS
- 4-12 CALCULATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CLASS FLOW MEASUREMENT STEADY STATE UNCERTAINTY
- 4-13 PROCEDURE FOR FITTING A CALIBRATION CURVE AND EXTRAPOLATION TECHNIQUE
- 4-14 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 5 Nozzles and Venturis [Go to Page]
- 5-1 RECOMMENDED PROPORTIONS OF ASME NOZZLES
- 5-2 PRESSURE TAP REQUIREMENTS
- 5-3 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
- 5-4 COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE
- 5-5 THE ASME VENTURI TUBE
- 5-6 DESIGN AND DESIGN VARIATIONS
- 5-7 VENTURI PRESSURE TAPS
- 5-8 DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT OF THE ASME VENTURI
- 5-9 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ASME VENTURI
- 5-10 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 6 Pulsating Flow Measurement [Go to Page]
- 6-1 INTRODUCTION
- 6-2 ORIFICES, NOZZLES, AND VENTURIS
- 6-3 TURBINE METERS IN PULSATING FLOW
- 6-4 SOURCES OF FLUID MATERIAL AND DATA
- Section 7 Flow Conditioning and Meter Installation Requirements [Go to Page]
- 7-1 INTRODUCTION
- 7-2 FLOW CONDITIONERS AND METER INSTALLATION
- 7-3 PRESSURE TRANSDUCER PIPING
- 7-4 INSTALLATION OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS
- 7-5 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 8 Sonic Flow Nozzles and Venturis - Critical Flow, Choked Flow Condition [Go to Page]
- 8-1 INTRODUCTION
- 8-2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- 8-3 THEORY
- 8-4 BASIC THEORETICAL RELATIONSHIPS
- 8-5 THEORETICAL MASS FLOW CALCULATIONS
- 8-6 DESIGNS OF SONIC NOZZLES AND VENTURI NOZZLES
- 8-7 COEFFICIENTS OF DISCHARGE
- 8-8 INSTALLATION
- 8-9 PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
- 8-10 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 9 Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse [Go to Page]
- 9-0 NOMENCLATURE
- 9-1 INTRODUCTION
- 9-2 TRAVERSE MEASUREMENT STATIONS
- 9-3 RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
- 9-4 CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SENSORS
- 9-5 FLOW MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
- 9-6 FLOW COMPUTATION
- 9-7 EXAMPLE OF FLOW COMPUTATION IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT
- 9-8 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 10 Ultrasonic Flow Meters [Go to Page]
- 10-1 SCOPE
- 10-2 APPLICATIONS
- 10-3 FLOW METER DESCRIPTION
- 10-4 IMPLEMENTATION
- 10-5 OPERATIONAL LIMITS
- 10-6 ERROR SOURCES AND THEIR REDUCTION
- 10-7 EXAMPLES OF LARGE (10–20 ft) PIPE FIELD CALIBRATIONS AND ACCURACIES ACHIEVED
- 10-8 APPLICATION GUIDELINES (SEE ALSO ASME PTC 19.1, TEST UNCERTAINTY)
- 10-10 METER FACTOR DETERMINATION AND VERIFICATION
- 10-11 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 11 Electromagnetic Flow Meters [Go to Page]
- 11-1 INTRODUCTION
- 11-2 METER CONSTRUCTION
- 11-3 CALIBRATION
- 11-4 APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
- 11-5 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 12 Tracer Methods Constant Rate Injection Method Using Nonradioactive Tracers [Go to Page]
- 12-0 NOMENCLATURE
- 12-1 INTRODUCTION
- 12-2 CONSTANT RATE INJECTION METHOD
- 12-3 TRACER SELECTION
- 12-4 MIXING LENGTH
- 12-5 PROCEDURE
- 12-6 FLUORIMETRIC METHOD OF ANALYSIS
- 12-7 FLOW TEST SETUP
- 12-8 ERRORS
- 12-9 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 13 Radioactive Tracer Technique for Measuring Water Flow Rate [Go to Page]
- 13-1 TRACER REQUIREMENTS
- 13-2 MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES
- 13-3 LOCATING INJECTION AND SAMPLE TAPS
- 13-4 INJECTION AND SAMPLING LINES
- 13-5 SAMPLING FLOW RATE
- 13-6 TIMING AND SEQUENCE
- 13-7 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- Section 14 Mechanical Meters [Go to Page]
- 14-1 TURBINE METERS
- 14-2 TURBINE METER SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS AND INDICATORS
- 14-3 CALIBRATION
- 14-4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE
- 14-5 PIPING INSTALLATION AND DISTURBANCES
- 14-6 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METERS
- 14-7 SOURCES OF FLUID AND MATERIAL DATA
- FIGURES [Go to Page]
- 4-2-1 Location of Pressure Taps for Orifices With Flange Taps and With D and D/2 Taps
- 4-2-2 Location of Pressure Taps for Orifices With Corner Taps
- 4-5 Standard Orifice Plate
- 4-5.1 Deflection of an Orifice Plate by Differential Pressure
- 4-13.3 Orifice-Metering Run Calibration Points and Fitted Curves (Test Data Versus Fitted Curves)
- 5-0 Primary Flow Section
- 5-1 ASME Flow Nozzles
- 5-3-1 Boring in Flow Section Upstream of Nozzle
- 5-3-2 Nozzle With Diffusing Cone
- 5-5 Profile of the ASME Venturi
- 6-2.1 Measured Errors Versus Oscillating Differential Pressure Amplitude Relative to the Steady State Mean
- 6-2.2 Fluid–Metering System Block Diagram
- 6-2.6 Experimental and Theoretical Pulsation Error
- 6-3.1 Semi-Log Plot of Theoretical Meter Pulsation Error Versus Rotor Response Parameter for Sine Wave Flow Fluctuation, D2 p 0.1, and Pulsation Index, I p 0.1 and 0.2
- 6-3.5 Experimental Meter Pulsation Error Versus Pulsation Index
- 7-2.1 Recommended Designs of Flow Conditioner
- 7-3 Methods of Making Pressure Connections to Pipes
- 8-1-1 Ideal Mach Number Distribution Along Venturi Length at Typical Subcritical and Critical Flow Conditions
- 8-1-2 Definition of Critical Flow As the Maximum of the Flow Equation, Eq. (8-1.1)
- 8-2-1 Requirements for Maintaining Critical Flow in Venturi Nozzles
- 8-2-2 Mass Flow Versus Back-Pressure Ratio for a Flow Nozzle Without a Diffuser and a Venturi Nozzle With a Diffuser
- 8-3-1 Schematic Representation of Flow Defects at Venturi Throat (Smith and Matz 1962)
- 8-3-2 Schematic Diagram of Sonic Surfaces at the Throat of an Axially Symmetric Critical Flow Venturi Nozzle (Arena and Thompson 1975)
- 8-5-1 Generalized Compressibility Chart
- 8-5-2 Error in Critical Flow Function C*i for Air Using Method 2 Based on Ideal Gas Theory With Ratio of Specific Heats Corresponding to the Inlet Stagnation State [13]
- 8-5-3 Error in Method 3 for Air Based on Critical Flow Functions [15] When Using Air Property Data [13] [16]
- 8-5-4 Calculation Processes for the Isentropic Path From Inlet to Sonic Throat for a Real Gas Using the Method of Johnson [14]
- 8-6-1 Standardized Toroidal Throat Sonic Flow Venturi Nozzle
- 8-6-2 Standardized Cylindrical Throat Sonic Flow Venturi
- 8-6-3 ASME Long-Radius Flow Nozzles
- 8-7-1 Composite Results for Toroidal-Throat Venturi Nozzles
- 8-7-2 Mean Line Discharge Coefficient Curves for Toroidal-Throat Venturi Nozzles
- 8-7-3 Composite Graph of Discharge Coefficients for the ASME Low- �Throat-Tap Flow Nozzles [11]
- 8-8-1 Standardized Inlet Flow Conditioner and Locations for Pressure and Temperature Measurements
- 8-8-2 Comparison of the “Continuous Curvature” Inlet [6] With the “Sharp-Lip, Free-Standing” Inlet [2]
- 8-9 Standardized Pressure Tap Geometry
- 9-2.1 Pipe Velocity Measurement Loci
- 9-4 Pitot Tubes Not Requiring Calibration (Calibration Coefficient p 1.000)
- 9-4.1 Pitot Tubes Needing Calibration But Acceptable
- 9-4.2 Cole Reversible Pitometer Structural Reinforcements
- 9-4.5.1 Laser Doppler Velocimeter System
- 9-5.1-1 Pitot Rake
- 9-5.1-2 Impact Pressure Tube Rake
- 9-6.5 Velocity Traverse Measurement Loci for a 3 X 3 Array
- 9-7.1 Inlet Duct With Pitot-Static Rake Installed
- 10-3.1.2 Wetted Transducer Configuration
- 10-3.1.3-1 Protected Configuration With Cavities
- 10-3.1.3-2 Protected Configuration With Protrusions
- 10-3.1.3-3 Protected Configuration With Smooth Bore
- 10-4 Acoustic Flow Measuring System Block Design
- 10-4.1.3 Acoustic Path Configurations
- 10-6.1.4 A Typical Crossed-Path Ultrasonic Flow Meter Configuration
- 11-1.1-1 Magnetic Flow Meter
- 11-1.1-2 Weighting Function of the Magnetic Flow Meter
- 11-2.1.1 AC and Pulsed DC Excitation Voltages
- 11-3 Typical Flow Calibration Data
- 12-2 Schematic Control Volume
- 12-4.1-1 Plot of Equations for Central Injection
- 12-4.1-2 Variation of Mixing Distance With Reynolds Number
- 12-4.4.1 Experimental Results
- 12-6.3 Typical Fluorometer Calibration Curves
- 12-7.1 Dye Injection Schematic
- 12-7.2 Sampling System
- 12-7.3 Fluorometer Signal Versus Time
- 13-3.2 Injection Tap Detail
- 13-3.3 Sampling Tap Detail
- 13-6 Schematic of Typical Radioactive Tracer Application
- 14-5.2-1 Flow Conditioner to Damp Out High-Level Disturbances
- 14-5.2-2 Alternative Flow Conditioner Configuration to Damp Out High-Level Disturbances
- 14-6 Positive Displacement Volumeters
- 14-6.3 Method of Interpolation or Extrapolation of Positive Displacement Meter Performance From Calibration Data to Other Fluid Viscosity and Operating Conditions
- TABLES [Go to Page]
- 12-6.2 Temperature Exponents for Tracer Dyes
- 9-7.7-4 Summary of Uncertainty Analysis
- 9-7.7-3 Effect of Uncertainty in Pressure Measurements
- 9-7.7-2 Effect of 0.060-in. Misalignment on Gauss Flow
- 9-7.7-1 Numerical Error Analysis for Gaussian Model Flow
- 9-7.6 Test Data Summary
- 9-7.4 Transducer Calibration Linearized Calibration Data
- 9-2.2-2 Abscissas for Equal Weight Chebyshev Integration
- 9-2.2-1 Loci for the Lines of Intersection Determining Measurement Stations for Flow Measurement in Rectangular Conduits Using Gaussian Integration
- 9-2.1-3 Abscissas and Weight Factors for the Log-Linear Traverse Method of Flow Measurement in Pipes
- 9-2.1-2 Abscissas and Weight Factors for Tchebycheff Integration of Flow in Pipes
- 9-2.1-1 Abscissas and Weight Factors for Gaussian Integration of Flow in Pipes
- 8-7-2 Discharge Coefficients for Cylindrical-Throat Venturi Nozzles
- 8-7-1 Summary of Points Plotted in Fig. 8-7-1 and Coefficients for Eq. (8-7.2)
- 8-5-2 Percentage Error in Method 3 Based on Critical Flow Functions [19] and Air Property Data [17]
- 8-5-1 Critical Flow Function C*i and Critical Property Ratios [Ideal Gases and Isentropic Relationships, Eqs. (8-1.7) through (8-1.9)] Versus Type of Ideal Gas
- 7-3 Recommended Maximum Diameters of Pressure Tap Holes
- 7-2.1 Loss Coefficients for Flow Conditioners
- 7-1.2-2 Recommended Straight Lengths for Classical Venturi Tubes
- 7-1.2-1 Recommended Straight Lengths for Orifice Plates and Nozzles
- 6-2.1 Error Threshold Versus Relative Amplitude of Delta P
- 4-13.3 Example Coefficient Curve Fit and Extrapolation for an Orifice-Metering Run
- 4-12.5 Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Gas Flow-Metering Run With a Laboratory Calibration
- 4-12.4-2 Total Steady State Uncertainty, 0.075% Accuracy Class Static Pressure Transmitter
- 4-12.4-1 Total Steady State Uncertainty, 0.075% Accuracy Class Differential Pressure Transmitter
- 4-12.2.3 Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Gas Flow Orifice-Metering Run
- 4-12.2.2 Example 2: Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Steam Flow Orifice-Metering Run
- 4-12.2.1 Example 1: Steady State Uncertainty Analysis for Given Steam Flow Orifice-Metering Run
- 4-12.1 Sensitivity Coefficients in the General Equation for Differential Pressure Meters
- 4-5.1 Minimum Plate Thickness, E, for Stainless Steel Orifice Plate
- 3-15 Natural Gas Analysis
- 3-11.3 Summary Uncertainty of Discharge Coefficient and Expansion Factor
- 3-1 Values of Constants in the General Equation for Various Units
- 2-4.3 Coefficients for Thermal Expansion Equation in °C
- 2-4.2-2 Thermal Expansion Data for Selected Materials -- U.S. Customary Units
- 2-4.2-1 Thermal Expansion Data for Selected Materials -- SI Units
- 2-3.1-8 Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity (Energy/Time X Length X Temperature Difference ~ Power/Length X Temperature Difference)
- 2-3.1-7 Conversion Factors for Kinematic Viscosity (Area/Time)
- 2-3.1-6 Conversion Factors for Viscosity (Force X Time/Area ~ Mass/Length X Time)
- 2-3.1-5 Conversion Factors for Specific Enthropy, Specific Heat, and Gas Constant [Energy/(Mass X Temperature)]
- 2-3.1-4 Conversion Factors for Specific Enthalpy and Specific Energy (Energy/Mass)
- 2-3.1-3 Conversion Factors for Specific Volume (Volume/Mass)
- 2-3.1-2 Conversion Factors for Pressure (Force/Area)
- 2-3.1-1 Conversions to SI (Metric) Units
- MANDATORY APPENDIX [Go to Page]
- I RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EQUATIONS FOR THE DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT OF AN ORIFICE FLOW METER
- NONMANDATORY APPENDICES [Go to Page]
- A CRITICAL FLOW FUNCTIONS FOR AIR BY R. C. JOHNSON
- B DEVIATION OF JOHNSON C* VALUES
- C REAL GAS CORRECTION FACTORS [Go to Page]
