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ASME PTC 22 - 2023: Gas Turbines, 2023
- CONTENTS
- NOTICE
- FOREWORD
- ASME PTC COMMITTEE ROSTER
- CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
- ASME PTC 22-2023 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
- Section 1 Object and Scope [Go to Page]
- 1-1 OBJECT
- 1-2 SCOPE [Go to Page]
- 1-2.1 General Scope
- 1-2.2 Tests Inside and Outside the Scope of ASME PTC 22
- 1-3 TEST UNCERTAINTY [Go to Page]
- 1-3.1 Absolute Performance Test Uncertainty
- 1-3.2 Comparative Performance Test Uncertainty
- 1-4 OTHER REQUIREMENTS AND REFERENCES
- Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms [Go to Page]
- 2-1 GENERAL
- 2-2 DEFINITIONS [Go to Page]
- 2-2.1 Symbols and Subscripts
- Section 3 Guiding Principles [Go to Page]
- 3-1 AGREEMENTS [Go to Page]
- 3-1.1 General Agreements Before the Test
- 3-1.2 Design, Construction, and Start-Up Considerations
- 3-1.3 Responsibilities of Parties
- 3-1.4 Schedule and Location of Test Activities
- 3-1.5 Test Boundary and Required Measurements
- 3-1.6 Test Plan
- 3-2 PREPARATIONS FOR TEST [Go to Page]
- 3-2.1 Preliminary to Test
- 3-2.2 Pretest Records
- 3-2.3 Preservation of Instrument Uncertainty
- 3-2.4 Equipment Inspection and Cleanliness
- 3-2.5 Preliminary Operation and Adjustment
- 3-2.6 Preliminary Testing
- 3-2.7 Pretest Considerations for Comparative Testing
- 3-3 CONDUCT OF TEST [Go to Page]
- 3-3.1 Specified Reference Conditions
- 3-3.2 Starting and Stopping Tests and Test Runs
- 3-3.3 Operation Prior to and During Tests
- 3-3.4 Duration of Test Run and Frequency of Readings
- 3-3.5 Maximum Permissible Variations in Operating Conditions
- 3-4 TEST RECORDS [Go to Page]
- 3-4.1 Test Readings
- 3-4.2 Direct Readings
- 3-4.3 Certified Data
- 3-4.4 Test Log
- 3-4.5 Test Recording Errors
- 3-5 TEST VALIDITY [Go to Page]
- 3-5.1 Validity of Results
- 3-5.2 Reporting of Results
- 3-5.3 Causes for Rejection of Readings
- 3-6 UNCERTAINTY [Go to Page]
- 3-6.1 Objectives
- 3-6.2 Uncertainty Calculations
- 3-6.3 Differences in Uncertainties
- 3-6.4 Uncertainty Analyses
- Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement [Go to Page]
- 4-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS [Go to Page]
- 4-1.1 Introduction
- 4-1.2 Maximum Uncertainties
- 4-1.3 Instrument Calibration and Verification
- 4-1.4 Data Collection and Handling
- 4-2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT [Go to Page]
- 4-2.1 General
- 4-2.2 Pressure Instruments
- 4-2.3 Typical Gas Turbine Measurement Parameters
- 4-2.4 Calibration of Pressure Instruments
- 4-3 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT [Go to Page]
- 4-3.1 General
- 4-3.2 Temperature Instruments
- 4-3.3 Typical Gas Turbine Measurement Parameters
- 4-3.4 Calibration of Temperature Instruments
- 4-4 GAS FUEL HEAT INPUT [Go to Page]
- 4-4.1 General
- 4-4.2 Gas Fuel Test Boundary
- 4-4.3 Gas Fuel Flowmeters
- 4-4.4 Gas Fuel Composition
- 4-4.5 Gas Fuel Heating Value
- 4-4.6 Gas Fuel Sensible Heat
- 4-4.7 Gas Fuel Sampling
- 4-5 LIQUID FUEL HEAT INPUT [Go to Page]
- 4-5.1 General
- 4-5.2 Liquid Fuel Test Boundary
- 4-5.3 Liquid Fuel Mass Flow
- 4-5.4 Liquid Fuel Heating Value
- 4-5.5 Liquid Fuel Sensible Heat
- 4-5.6 Liquid Fuel Sampling
- 4-6 ELECTRICAL GENERATION MEASUREMENT [Go to Page]
- 4-6.1 Introduction
- 4-6.2 Excitation Power Measurement
- 4-6.3 Measurement of Auxiliary Loads
- 4-7 MECHANICAL POWER MEASUREMENT [Go to Page]
- 4-7.1 Torque and Speed Measurement
- 4-7.2 Other Parameters and Variables
- 4-8 SPEED MEASUREMENT
- 4-9 HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT [Go to Page]
- 4-9.1 Direct Measurement
- 4-9.2 Indirect Measurement via Wet-Bulb Temperature
- 4-10 HEAT LOSSES [Go to Page]
- 4-10.1 Generator Losses
- 4-10.2 Gearbox Losses
- 4-10.3 Fixed Losses
- 4-10.4 Variable Losses
- 4-11 OTHER MEASUREMENTS [Go to Page]
- 4-11.1 Time
- 4-11.2 Flow
- 4-11.3 Turbine Control Parameters
- Section 5 Computation of Results [Go to Page]
- 5-1 GENERAL
- 5-2 ELECTRICAL POWER CALCULATIONS [Go to Page]
- 5-2.1 Introduction
- 5-2.2 Electrical Measurement System Connections
- 5-2.3 Excitation Power Calculation
- 5-2.4 Instrument Transformers
- 5-3 MECHANICAL POWER OUTPUT CALCULATION [Go to Page]
- 5-3.1 Mechanical Drive Power
- 5-3.2 Efficiency
- 5-4 HEAT RATE CALCULATIONS [Go to Page]
- 5-4.1 Fuel Heat Input
- 5-4.2 Heat Rate
- 5-5 CORRECTION OF TEST RESULTS — FUNDAMENTAL PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS [Go to Page]
- 5-5.1 Alternate Corrected Gas Turbine Exhaust Energy
- 5-6 APPLICATION OF CORRECTION FACTORS [Go to Page]
- 5-6.1 Application of Correction Factors Using Model-Based Corrections
- 5-6.2 Application of Correction Factors Using Correction Curves
- 5-7 DEGRADATION
- Section 6 Report of Results [Go to Page]
- 6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
- 6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- 6-3 TEST DESCRIPTION
- 6-4 TEST EQUIPMENT
- 6-5 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
- 6-6 APPENDICES
- Section 7 Test Uncertainty [Go to Page]
- 7-1 INTRODUCTION
- 7-2 UNDERSTANDING TEST UNCERTAINTY [Go to Page]
- 7-2.1 Uncertainty Versus Error
- 7-2.2 Random Standard Uncertainty, sX¯
- 7-2.3 Systematic Standard Uncertainty, bi
- 7-2.4 Confidence Interval
- 7-2.5 Combining BX¯ and sX¯ for the Total Measurement Uncertainty
- 7-2.6 Sensitivity Coefficients, or Influence Coefficients, Θi
- 7-2.7 Combining Measurement Uncertainties Into the Uncertainty of the Result
- 7-2.8 Uncertainty Is Not Affected by Turbine Control Parameters Inside the Test Boundary
- 7-2.9 Posttest Uncertainty Analysis
- 7-3 UNIT OUTPUT AND HEAT RATE [Go to Page]
- 7-3.1 Uncertainty Calculation Logic
- 7-3.2 Uncertainty Calculations
- 7-3.3 Sample Calculation
- 7-3.4 Test Uncertainty
- 7-3.5 Uniqueness of Tests
- 7-3.6 Multiple Unit Tests
- 7-4 COMPARATIVE TESTING UNCERTAINTY [Go to Page]
- 7-4.1 General
- 7-4.2 Comparative Testing Uncertainty Procedure
- 7-4.3 Sample Calculation for Difference
- 7-4.4 Calculation Information
- 7-5 UNCERTAINTY OF FLOW CALCULATION FROM HEAT BALANCE [Go to Page]
- 7-5.1 Heat Balance
- 7-5.2 Sensitivities
- 7-5.3 Heat Equivalents and Enthalpies
- 7-5.4 Uncertainties
- 7-5.5 Emphasis on Exhaust Temperature and Fuel Flow
- 7-5.6 Exhaust Energy
- 7-5.7 Corrected Values
- 7-5.8 HRSG Heat Balance
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 3-1.5.1-1 Generic Test Boundaries
- Figure 4-2.3.8-1 Five-Way Manifold for Differential Pressure (DP) Instruments
- Figure 4-2.3.9-1 Differential Pressure (DP) Correction for Flow in Nonhorizontal Lines
- Figure 4-3.2.1-1 Four-Wire RTDs
- Figure 4-3.2.1-2 Three-Wire RTDs
- Figure 4-4.2-1 Generic Gas Fuel Test Boundary
- Figure 4-5.2-1 Generic Liquid Fuel Test Boundary
- Figure 7-2.1.1-1 Illustration of Measurement Errors
- Figure 7-2.4-1 Test Uncertainty Diagram
- Figure C-1-1 Sample Exhaust Flow by Gas Turbine Heat Balance Calculations
- Figure C-1-2 Sample Calculation of Wet Air Composition and Molar Flow
- Figure C-1-3 Sample Mass Flow Calculations
- Figure C-1-4 Sample Fuel Gas Combustion Calculations
- Figure C-1-5 Sample Liquid Fuel Combustion Calculation
- Figure C-1-6 Sample Calculation of Exhaust Compositions
- Figure C-1-7 Sample Calculation of Enthalpy of Combustion Products at Turbine Exit
- Figure C-1-8 Sample Calculation of Moist Air Enthalpies
- Figure C-1-9 Sample Calculation of Fuel Gas Sensible Heat
- Figure C-1-10 Sample Calculation of Fuel LHV
- Figure C-1-11 Sample Correction Performance Calculation
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1-2.2-1 Gas Turbine Extended Scope
- Table 2-2.1-1 Symbols
- Table 2-2.1-2 Subscripts
- Table 3-1.5.2-1 Required Measurements
- Table 3-3.5-1 Maximum Permissible Variations in Operating Conditions
- Table 4-1.2.1-1 Maximum Allowable Measurement Uncertainties
- Table 5-4.1.1-1 Typical Values for Unit Conversion Factor, N1, Using Common Units of Measure
- Table 5-5-1 Summary of Additive Correction Factors for Power Fundamental Performance Equation
- Table 5-5-2 Summary of Correction Factors in All Fundamental Performance Equations
- Table 7-3.1-1 Step 1: Code Limit Uncertainty (Example)
- Table 7-3.1-2 Step 2: Pretest Uncertainty Calculation (Example)
- Table 7-3.1-3 Step 3: Posttest Uncertainty Calculation (Example)
- Table 7-3.3.2.2-1 Heat Input Uncertainty for Mass Flowmeter
- Table 7-3.3.3-1 Heat Input Uncertainties for Liquid Fuel
- Table 7-4.3-1 Comparative Test Example
- Table 7-5.4-1 Exhaust Flow Uncertainty
- Table 7-5.6-1 Exhaust Energy Uncertainty
- Table I-3.2.1.3-1 Elemental Molecular Weights
- Table I-3.2.2.4-1 Fuel Gas Combustion Ratios
- Table I-3.2.3.3-1 Liquid Fuel Combustion Ratios
- Table I-3.2.6.3-1 Enthalpy Equation Constants
- Table A-2.1-1 Gas Fuel Flow Test Data
- Table A-2.7-1 Specific Heat at Constant Pressure
- Table A-2.13-1 Lower Heating Value
- Table A-2.14-1 Higher Heating Value
- Table A-3.1-1 VT Test Data
- Table A-3.2-1 VT Calibration Data
- Table A-3.3-1 VT Voltage Drop
- Table A-3.4-1 CT Corrections
- Table A-3.5-1 Gross Generation
- Table A-3.6-1 Corrected Secondary Watts
- Table A-4-1 Calculation of Corrected Performance (Power, Heat Rate, Exhaust Temperature, and Exhaust Flow)
- Table A-4-2 Fuel Supply Composition
- Table A-4-3 Fuel Composition
- Table A-4-4 Corrected Power and Heat Rate
- Table A-4-5 Corrected Exhaust Flow and Exhaust Temperature
- MANDATORY APPENDIX I DETERMINATION OF GAS TURBINE EXHAUST ENERGY, FLOW, AND TEMPERATURE [Go to Page]
- I-1 INTRODUCTION
- I-2 TEST METHODOLOGY
- I-3 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS: GENERAL
- I-4 SAMPLE EXHAUST FLOW BY GAS TURBINE HEAT BALANCE CALCULATION
- NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SAMPLE CALCULATIONS [Go to Page]
- A-1 INTRODUCTION
- A-2 CALCULATION OF HEAT INPUT
- A-3 CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL OUTPUT
- A-4 CALCULATION OF CORRECTED PERFORMANCE (POWER, HEAT RATE, EXHAUST TEMPERATURE, AND EXHAUST FLOW)
- NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B PTC UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES FROM ASTM REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY DATA [Go to Page]
- B-1 INTRODUCTION
- B-2 DEFINITIONS
- B-3 QUANTIFYING R, r, AND BIAS
- B-4 UNCERTAINTY CONSIDERATIONS
- B-5 EXAMPLE
- B-6 CONCLUSION
- NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C SAMPLE EXHAUST FLOW BY GAS TURBINE HEAT BALANCE CALCULATION [Go to Page]
- C-1 INTRODUCTION
- C-2 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
- NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D REFERENCES [Go to Page]
