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ASME PTC 4 Fired Steam Generators - Performance Test Codes , 2008
- NOTICE
- FOREWORD
- COMMITTEE ROSTER
- CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 4 COMMITTEE
- Section 1 Object and Scope [Go to Page]
- 1- 1 OBJECT
- 1- 2 SCOPE
- 1- 3 TYPICAL UNCERTAINTY FOR EFFICIENCY
- 1- 4 STEAM GENERATOR BOUNDARIES
- Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms [Go to Page]
- 2- 1 DEFINITIONS
- 2- 2 ABBREVIATIONS
- 2- 3 UNITS AND CONVERSIONS
- Section 3 Guiding Principles [Go to Page]
- 3- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 3- 2 PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES
- 3- 3 REFERENCES TO OTHER CODES AND STANDARDS
- 3- 4 TOLERANCES AND TEST UNCERTAINTIES
- Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement [Go to Page]
- 4- 1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES
- 4- 2 DATA REQUIRED
- 4- 3 GENERAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS
- 4- 4 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
- 4- 5 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
- 4- 6 VELOCITY TRAVERSE
- 4- 7 FLOW MEASUREMENT
- 4- 8 SOLID FUEL AND SORBENT SAMPLING
- 4- 9 LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL SAMPLING
- 4- 10 SAMPLING OF FLUE GAS
- 4- 11 RESIDUE SAMPLING
- 4- 12 FUEL, SORBENT, AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS
- 4- 13 FLUE GAS ANALYSIS
- 4- 14 ELECTRIC POWER
- 4- 15 HUMIDITY
- 4- 16 MEASUREMENTS FOR SURFACE RADIATION AND CONVECTION LOSS
- Section 5 Computation of Results [Go to Page]
- 5- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 5- 2 MEASUREMENT DATA REDUCTION
- 5- 3 CAPACITY
- 5- 4 OUTPUT ( QrO), Btu/ hr ( W)
- Btu/ hr ( W)
- 5- 5 INPUT
- 5- 6 ENERGY BALANCE
- 5- 7 EFFICIENCY
- 5- 8 FUEL PROPERTIES
- 5- 9 SORBENT AND OTHER ADDITIVE PROPERTIES
- 5- 10 RESIDUE PROPERTIES
- 5- 11 COMBUSTION AIR PROPERTIES
- 5- 12 FLUE GAS PRODUCTS
- 5- 13 AIR AND FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE
- 5- 14 LOSSES
- 5- 15 CREDITS
- 5- 16 UNCERTAINTY
- 5- 17 OTHER OPERATING PARAMETERS
- 5- 18 CORRECTIONS TO STANDARD OR DESIGN CONDITIONS
- 5- 19 ENTHALPY OF AIR, FLUE GAS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES COMMONLY REQUIRED FOR ENERGY BALANCE CALCULATIONS
- 5- 20 CALCULATION ACRONYMS
- Section 6 Report of Test Results [Go to Page]
- 6- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 6- 2 REPORT CONTENTS
- Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis [Go to Page]
- 7- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 7- 2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
- 7- 3 PRETEST UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND TEST PLANNING
- 7- 4 EQUATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE STANDARD DEVIATION FOR THE ESTIMATE OF RANDOM ERROR
- 7- 5 EQUATIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR DETERMINING SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
- 7- 6 UNCERTAINTY OF TEST RESULTS
- FIGURES [Go to Page]
- 1-4-1 Typical Oil and Gas-Fired Steam Generator
- 1-4-2 Typical Pulverized Coal-Fired Steam Generator Alternative 1: Single Air Heater
- 1-4-3 Typical Pulverized Coal-Fired Steam Generator Alternative 2: Bisector Air Heater
- 1-4-4 Typical Pulverized Coal-Fired Steam Generator Alternative 3: Trisector Air Heater
- 1-4-5 Typical Circulation Bed Steam Generator
- 1-4-6 Typical Stoker-Coal-Fired Steam Generator
- 1-4-7 Typical Bubbling Bed Steam Generator
- 3-1-1 Steam Generator Energy Balance
- 3-2-1 Repeatability of Runs
- 3-2-2 Illustration of Short-Term (Peak to Valley) Fluctuation and Deviation From Long-Term (Run) Average
- 4-4-1 Sampling Grids: Rectangular Ducts
- 4-4-2 Sampling Grids: Circular Ducts
- 4-8-1 Full Stream Cut Solid Sampling Process
- 4-8-2 Typical “Thief” Probe for Solids Sampling in a Solids Stream
- 5-19-1 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Air Versus Temperature
- 5-19-2 Mean Specific Heat of Water Vapor Versus Temperature
- 5-19-3 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Flue Gas Versus Temperature
- 5-19-4 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Residue Versus Temperature
- 7-2.2-1 Types of Errors in Measurements
- 7-2.2-2 Time Dependence of Errors
- 7-2.3-1 Constant Value and Continuous Variable Models
- 7-5.2.1-1 Generic Calibration Curve
- TABLES [Go to Page]
- Table 1- 3- 1 Typical Code Test Uncertainties for Efficiency
- Table 2- 3- 1 Units and Conversions
- Table 3- 1- 1 Comparison of Efficiency Determination
- Table 3- 2- 1 Operating Parameter Deviations
- Table 3- 2- 2 Minimum Test- Run Duration
- Table 4- 2- 1 Parameters Required for Efficiency Determination by Energy Balance Method
- Table 4- 2- 2 Parameters Required for Efficiency Determination by Input– Output Method
- Table 4- 2- 3 Parameters Required for Capacity Determination
- Table 4- 2- 4 Parameters Required for Steam Temperature/ Control Range Determination
- Table 4- 2- 5 Parameters Required for Exit Flue Gas and Air Entering Temperature Determinations
- Table 4- 2- 6 Parameters Required for Excess Air Determination
- Table 4- 2- 7 Parameters Required for Water/ Steam Pressure Drop Determinations
- Table 4- 2- 8 Parameters Required for Air/ Flue Gas Pressure Drop Determinations
- Table 4- 2- 9 Parameters Required for Air Infiltration Determination
- Table 4- 2- 10 Parameters Required for Sulfur Capture/ Retention Determination
- Table 4- 2- 11 Parameters Required for Calcium- to- Sulfur Molar Ratio Determination
- Table 4- 2- 12 Parameters Required for Fuel, Air, and Flue Gas Flow Rate Determinations
- Table 4- 3- 1 Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainty
- Table 4- 3- 2 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Coal Properties
- Table 4- 3- 3 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Limestone Properties
- Table 4- 3- 4 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Fuel Oil Properties
- Table 4- 3- 5 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Natural Gas Properties
- Table 4- 8- 1 F Distribution
- Table 5- 16- 1 Two- Tailed Student's t - Table for the 95% Confidence Level
- Table 5- 20.2- 1 Acronyms
- Table 5- 20.2- 2 Measurement and Uncertainty Acronyms
- NONMANDATORY APPENDICES [Go to Page]
- A CALCULATION FORMS [Go to Page]
- A- 1 INTRODUCTION
- A- 2 SYSTEM OF UNITS
- A- 3 ORDER OF CALCULATIONS
- A- 4 EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR EFF FORMS
- A- 5 COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR CMBSTN FORMS
- A- 6 GASEOUS FUELS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR GAS FORM
- A- 7 UNBURNED CARBON AND RESIDUE CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR RES FORM
- A- 8 SORBENT CALCULATION SHEET: MEASURED C AND CO
- IN RESIDUE
- A- 9 OUTPUT: INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORM OUTPUT
- A- 10 DATA REDUCTION WORKSHEETS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR DATA FORMS
- A- 11 UNCERTAINTY CALCULATIONS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR UNCERTAINTY WORKSHEET FORMS
- B SAMPLE CALCULATIONS [Go to Page]
- B- 1 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
- B- 2 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
- B- 3 FLOW MEASUREMENT
- B- 4 OUTPUT CALCULATION
- B- 5 COAL- FIRED STEAM GENERATOR
- B- 6 OIL- FIRED STEAM GENERATOR
- C DERIVATIONS [Go to Page]
- C- 1 INTRODUCTION
- C- 2 DERIVATIONS OF SULFUR CAPTURE/ RETENTION FROM MEASURED O
- AND SO
- D GROSS EFFICIENCY: ENERGY BALANCE AND INPUTΠOUTPUT METHOD LHV EFFICIENCY: ENERGY BALANCE METHOD [Go to Page]
- D- 4 EFFICIENCY ON A LOWER HEATING VALUE,
- BASIS
- E THE PROBABLE EFFECTS OF COAL PROPERTIES ON PULVERIZED COAL AND COAL AND SORBENT PROPERTIES ON FLUIDIZED BED STEAM GENERATOR DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE [Go to Page]
- E- 1 INTRODUCTION
- E- 2 PULVERIZED COAL FIRED STEAM GENERATORS
- E- 3 FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION COAL FIRED STEAM GENERATORS
- Table E- 2- 1 Effects of Coal Ranks on Steam Generators
- Table E- 2- 2 Effects of Coal Properties on Steam Generator Design and Performance
- Table E- 2- 2 Effects of Coal Properties on Steam Generator Design and Performance ( Cont'd)
- Table E- 3- 1 Proximate Analysis for Coal
- Table E- 3- 2 Ultimate Analysis of Coal
- Table E- 3- 3 Special Tests and Size Analysis for Coal
- Table E- 3- 4 Special AFBC Tests for Coal
- Table E- 3- 5 Chemical Analysis of Sorbent
- Table E- 3- 6 Size and TGA Analysis and Geological Classification of Sorbent
- Table E- 3- 7 Attrition, Grain, and Pore Size Analysis of Sorbent
- F REFERENCES [Go to Page]
