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BS EN 14917:2021 Metal bellows expansion joints for pressure applications, 2021
- undefined
- Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Classification
- 5 Materials
- 6 Design
- 7 Manufacturing
- 8 Testing, inspection and documentation
- 9 Marking and labelling
- 10 Handling and installation
- Annex A (informative)Categories of expansion joints [Go to Page]
- A.1 General
- A.2 Determination of expansion joints categories
- A.3 Fluid groups [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 General
- A.3.2 Group 1
- A.3.3 Group 2
- A.4 Technical requirements [Go to Page]
- A.4.1 Expansion joints for vessels
- A.4.2 Expansion joints for piping
- A.4.3 Sound engineering practice (SEP)
- A.5 Expansion joint category
- Annex B (informative)Specification for materials 1.4828, 1.4876, 2.4360 and 2.4858
- Annex C (informative)Incorporation of expansion joints into piping or pressure vessels [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Specific symbols and definitions
- C.3 Application criteria for expansion joints in piping [Go to Page]
- C.3.1 General
- C.3.2 Use of axial expansion joints [Go to Page]
- C.3.2.1 General
- C.3.2.2 Axial expansion joints, non-pressure balanced
- C.3.2.3 Axial expansion, pressure balanced
- C.3.3 Use of restraint expansion joints [Go to Page]
- C.3.3.1 General
- C.3.3.2 Angular expansion joints
- C.3.3.3 Lateral expansion joints
- C.3.4 Use of universal expansion joints [Go to Page]
- C.3.4.1 General
- C.3.4.2 Unrestrained universal expansion joint
- C.3.4.3 Restrained universal expansion joints, pressure balanced
- C.3.5 Indeterminate configurations of expansion joints [Go to Page]
- C.3.5.1 General
- C.3.5.2 Strait piping section with axial expansion joints
- C.3.5.3 Plane U-bend system with angular expansion joints
- C.3.5.4 Three dimensional systems with three gimbal angular expansion points
- C.3.5.5 Three-dimensional system with lateral expansion joints
- C.4 Application criteria for expansion joints in pressure vessels [Go to Page]
- C.4.1 General
- C.4.2 Axial expansion joint installed in the shell
- C.4.3 Axial expansion joint installed at the floating head
- Annex D (informative)Calculation methods for systems of pipes containing expansion joints [Go to Page]
- D.1 General [Go to Page]
- D.1.1 Preliminary remarks
- D.1.2 Determining movement values
- D.1.3 Thermal expansion
- D.2 Approximate calculation of bellows movement [Go to Page]
- D.2.1 General
- D.2.2 Hinged systems
- D.2.3 Definitions [Go to Page]
- D.2.3.1 Distances
- D.2.3.2 Hinges
- D.2.3.3 Movements in pipe runs
- D.3 Exact calculation of bellows movement [Go to Page]
- D.3.1 Two hinges in a plane system (Z-system)
- D.3.2 Two gimbals in a three-dimensional system (Z-system)
- D.3.3 Three hinges in a plane system (U-system)
- D.3.4 Three hinges in a plane system (L-system) [Go to Page]
- D.3.4.1 General
- D.3.4.2 Calculation of auxiliary parameters and angular rotations
- D.3.4.3 Limitation of movement
- D.3.5 Three hinges in a three-dimensional system (Z-system) [Go to Page]
- D.3.5.1 General
- D.3.5.2 Calculation of auxiliary parameters induced by the additional movement Δ1
- D.3.5.3 Calculation of auxiliary parameters and angular rotations in a plane system with the theoretical hinge distance A*:
- D.3.5.4 Angular rotations
- D.4 Calculation of forces and moments
- Annex E (informative)Explanatory notes on the design of expansion bellows [Go to Page]
- E.1 General
- E.2 Calculation design
- E.3 Types of bellows [Go to Page]
- E.3.1 Corrugation shape
- E.3.2 Number of plies
- E.4 Fatigue life expectancy
- E.5 Instability [Go to Page]
- E.5.1 General
- E.5.2 Column instability
- E.5.3 In-plane instability
- E.5.4 Buckling
- E.6 Bellows spring rate
- Annex F (informative)Procedure for setting-up a design fatigue curve [Go to Page]
- F.1 General
- F.2 Procedure for setting up a design fatigue curve for expansion bellows [Go to Page]
- F.2.1 General
- F.2.2 Number of tests
- F.2.3 Extrapolation range
- F.2.4 Manufacturing methods
- F.2.5 Bellows material
- F.3 Tests [Go to Page]
- F.3.1 Movement
- F.3.2 Test pressure [Go to Page]
- F.3.2.1 Constant internal pressure
- F.3.3 Other test conditions
- F.3.4 Fatigue test equipment
- F.4 Evaluation of the test results
- F.5 Linear regression
- Annex G (informative)Polynomial approximations for coefficients Cp, Cf, Cd [Go to Page]
- G.1 Coefficient Cp
- G.2 Coefficient Cf
- G.3 Coefficient Cd
- G.4 Linear interpolation
- Annex H (informative)Required design data and information [Go to Page]
- H.1 Required design conditions
- H.2 Additional information
- Annex I (informative)Expansion joints risk analyses
- Annex J (informative)Additional material properties
- Annex K (normative)Hardware calculation [Go to Page]
- K.1 General
- K.2 Additional symbols
- K.3 Force due to pressure
- K.4 Tie bar [Go to Page]
- K.4.1 General
- K.4.2 Tie bar in tension
- K.4.3 Tie bar in compression
- K.5 Pin
- K.6 Lug with bore [Go to Page]
- K.6.1 General
- K.6.2 Forces due to pressure
- K.6.3 Stresses due to reaction force
- K.7 Gimbal, square and round [Go to Page]
- K.7.1 General
- K.7.2 Stresses in bored section
- K.7.3 Square type gimbal [Go to Page]
- K.7.3.1 General
- K.7.3.2 Instability
- K.7.3.3 Stresses in the corner connection
- K.7.4 Round type gimbal
- K.8 Attachment plate [Go to Page]
- K.8.1 Attachment plate (closed/open) with 2 restraining parts [Go to Page]
- K.8.1.1 General
- K.8.1.2 Stress in plate for section 3
- K.8.1.3 Stress in sections for form-lock connection (lugs for hinge/gimbal)
- K.8.1.4 Stress in sections for welded buttonhole connection (lugs for hinge/gimbal)
- K.8.1.5 Stress in the pipe
- K.8.1.6 Stress in the weld plate/pipe
- K.8.2 Circular attachment plate with 3 or more tie bars valid up to DN 800 [Go to Page]
- K.8.2.1 General
- K.8.2.2 Stress in the plate
- K.8.2.3 Stress in the pipe
- K.8.2.4 Stress in the weld plate/pipe
- K.9 Lug-plate connection (hinge/gimbal) [Go to Page]
- K.9.1 General
- K.9.2 Lug-plate for form-lock connection [Go to Page]
- K.9.2.1 General
- K.9.2.2 Stresses in Section 1
- K.9.2.3 Stresses in Section 2
- K.9.3 Lug-plate for welded buttonhole connection [Go to Page]
- K.9.3.1 General
- K.9.3.2 Weld between lug plate and attachment plate
- K.10 Tie bar and lug attachment on flanges [Go to Page]
- K.10.1 Integral flange [Go to Page]
- K.10.1.1 Stress in flange with 2 tie bars or lugs
- K.10.1.2 Stress in flange with more than 2 tie bars
- K.10.2 Plate welded on flange [Go to Page]
- K.10.2.1 Stress in plate welded on flange with 2 tie bars
- K.11 Gusset
- K.12 Gusset with reinforcing rings [Go to Page]
- K.12.1 General
- K.12.2 Basic definitions
- K.12.3 Stresses in the gussets
- K.12.4 Stresses in the ring and pipe
- K.12.5 Stresses in welds a7, a8 and a9
- Annex ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the EssentialRequirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU [Go to Page]
