Already a subscriber?
MADCAD.com Free Trial
Sign up for a 3 day free trial to explore the MADCAD.com interface, PLUS access the
2009 International Building Code to see how it all works.
If you like to setup a quick demo, let us know at support@madcad.com
or +1 800.798.9296 and we will be happy to schedule a webinar for you.
Security check
Please login to your personal account to use this feature.
Please login to your authorized staff account to use this feature.
Are you sure you want to empty the cart?
BS EN IEC 61400-3-1:2019 Wind energy generation systems - Design requirements for fixed offshore wind turbines, 2019
- undefined
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Parts of a fixed offshore wind turbine
- 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Symbols and units
- 4.2 Abbreviations
- 5 Principal elements [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Design methods
- 5.3 Safety classes
- 5.4 Quality assurance
- Figure 2 – Design process for an offshore wind turbine
- 5.5 Rotor–nacelle assembly markings
- 6 External conditions – definition and assessment [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Wind turbine classes
- 6.3 Definition of external conditions at an offshore wind turbine site [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Wind conditions
- 6.3.3 Marine conditions
- Figure 3 – Definition of water levels [Go to Page]
- 6.3.4 Electrical power network conditions
- 6.3.5 Other environmental conditions
- 6.4 Assessment of external conditions at an offshore wind turbine site [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 The metocean database
- 6.4.3 Assessment of wind conditions
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Conversion between extreme wind speeds of different averaging periods [Go to Page]
- 6.4.4 Assessment of marine conditions
- 6.4.5 Assessment of other environmental conditions
- 6.4.6 Assessment of electrical network conditions
- 6.4.7 Assessment of soil conditions
- 7 Structural design [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Design methodology
- 7.3 Loads [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 General
- 7.3.2 Gravitational and inertial loads
- 7.3.3 Aerodynamic loads
- 7.3.4 Actuation loads
- 7.3.5 Hydrodynamic loads
- 7.3.6 Sea/lake ice loads
- 7.3.7 Other loads
- 7.4 Design situations and load cases [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 General
- Table 2 – Design load cases [Go to Page]
- 7.4.2 Power production (DLC 1.1 to 1.6)
- 7.4.3 Power production plus occurrence of fault or loss of electrical network connection (DLC 2.1 – 2.5)
- 7.4.4 Start up (DLC 3.1 to 3.3)
- 7.4.5 Normal shutdown (DLC 4.1 to 4.2)
- 7.4.6 Emergency stop (DLC 5.1)
- 7.4.7 Parked (standstill or idling) (DLC 6.1 to 6.4)
- 7.4.8 Parked plus fault conditions (DLC 7.1 to 7.2)
- 7.4.9 Transport, assembly, maintenance and repair (DLC 8.1 to 8.4)
- 7.4.10 Sea/lake ice design load cases
- 7.5 Load and load effect calculations [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1 General
- 7.5.2 Relevance of hydrodynamic loads
- Table 3 – Design load cases for sea/lake ice [Go to Page]
- 7.5.3 Calculation of hydrodynamic loads
- 7.5.4 Calculation of sea/lake ice loads
- 7.5.5 Overall damping assessment for support structure response evaluations
- 7.5.6 Simulation requirements
- 7.5.7 Other requirements
- 7.6 Ultimate limit state analysis [Go to Page]
- 7.6.1 Method
- Figure 4 – The two approaches to calculate the design load effect [Go to Page]
- 7.6.2 Ultimate strength analysis
- 7.6.3 Fatigue failure
- 7.6.4 Special partial safety factors
- 7.6.5 Assessment of cyclic loading for foundation assessment
- 8 Control system
- 9 Mechanical systems
- 10 Electrical system
- 11 Foundation and substructure design
- 12 Assembly, installation and erection [Go to Page]
- 12.1 General
- 12.2 Planning
- 12.3 Installation conditions
- 12.4 Site access
- 12.5 Environmental conditions
- 12.6 Documentation
- 12.7 Receiving, handling and storage
- 12.8 Support structure systems
- 12.9 Assembly of offshore wind turbine
- 12.10 Erection of offshore wind turbine
- 12.11 Fasteners and attachments
- 12.12 Cranes, hoists and lifting equipment
- 13 Commissioning, operation and maintenance [Go to Page]
- 13.1 General
- 13.2 Design requirements for safe operation, inspection and maintenance
- 13.3 Instructions concerning commissioning [Go to Page]
- 13.3.1 General
- 13.3.2 Energization
- 13.3.3 Commissioning tests
- 13.3.4 Records
- 13.3.5 Post commissioning activities
- 13.4 Operator’s instruction manual [Go to Page]
- 13.4.1 General
- 13.4.2 Instructions for operations and maintenance record
- 13.4.3 Instructions for unscheduled automatic shutdown
- 13.4.4 Instructions for diminished reliability
- 13.4.5 Work procedures plan
- 13.4.6 Emergency procedures plan
- 13.5 Maintenance manual
- Annex A (informative)Key design parameters for an offshore wind turbine [Go to Page]
- A.1 Offshore wind turbine identifiers [Go to Page]
- A.1.1 General
- A.1.2 Rotor-nacelle assembly (machine) parameters
- A.1.3 Support structure parameters
- A.1.4 Wind conditions (based on a 10-min reference period and including wind farm wake effects where relevant)
- A.1.5 Marine conditions (based on a 3-hour reference period where relevant)
- A.1.6 Electrical network conditions at turbine
- A.2 Other environmental conditions
- A.3 Limiting conditions for transport, erection and maintenance
- Annex B (informative)Shallow water hydrodynamics and breaking waves [Go to Page]
- B.1 Selection of suitable wave theories
- Figure B.1 – Regular wave theory selection diagram
- B.2 Modelling of irregular wave trains
- B.3 Wave height distributions [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 General
- B.3.2 The Goda model for maximum wave height
- B.3.3 The Battjes and Groenendijk wave height distribution
- Table B.1 – Constants h1 and h2 andnormalised wave heights hx % as a function of Htr [Go to Page]
- B.3.4 The Forristall wave and crest height distributions
- B.4 Breaking waves
- Figure B.2 – Comparison of wave height distribution results
- Table B.2 – Breaking wave type
- B.5 Reference documents
- Annex C (informative)Guidance on calculation of hydrodynamic loads [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Morison’s equation
- C.3 Diffraction
- C.4 Slap and slam loading
- Figure C.1 – Breaking wave and cylinder parameters
- Figure C.2 – Oblique inflow parameters
- C.5 Vortex-induced vibrations [Go to Page]
- C.5.1 General
- Figure C.3 – Distribution over height of the maximum impact line force (γ = 0°) [Go to Page]
- C.5.2 Critical velocities for cross-flow motion
- C.5.3 Critical velocities for in-line motion
- Figure C.4 – Response of model and full-scale cylinder in-line and cross-flow
- C.6 Appurtenances [Go to Page]
- C.6.1 General
- C.6.2 Alternative method for estimating hydrodynamic coefficients accounting for appurtenances and marine growth
- Figure C.5 – Geometrical definition of blocking and shielding
- Figure C.6 – Influence of a fixed boundary on the drag coefficient on a circular cylinder in oscillatory supercritical flow KC > 20, Re = 105 – 2 x 106
- Figure C.7 – Shielding factors
- C.7 Calculation methods [Go to Page]
- C.7.1 General
- Figure C.8 – Recommended value for the added mass coefficient Cmof a circular cylinder; influence of a fixed boundary [Go to Page]
- C.7.2 Explicit approach
- C.7.3 Constrained wave approach
- C.8 Reference documents
- Annex D (informative)Recommendations for design of offshore wind turbinesupport structures with respect to ice loads [Go to Page]
- D.1 Introductory remarks
- D.2 General
- D.3 Choice of ice thickness
- D.4 Load cases [Go to Page]
- D.4.1 General
- D.4.2 Horizontal load from fast ice cover originating from temperature fluctuations (DLC D1)
- D.4.3 Horizontal load from fast ice cover originating from water level fluctuations and arch effect (DLC D2)
- D.4.4 Horizontal load from moving ice (DLC D3, D4, D7 and D8)
- Figure D.1 – Ice force coefficients for plastic limit analysis [Go to Page]
- D.4.5 Vertical load from fast ice cover (DLC D5)
- D.4.6 Pressure from ice ridges (DLC D6)
- D.4.7 Dynamic loading (DLC D3, D4, D7, and D8)
- Figure D.2 – Ice load history for frequency lock-in conditions
- Figure D.3 – Time history of horizontal force componentof ice load acting on a conical structure
- D.5 Requirements on stochastic simulation
- D.6 Requirements on model testing
- D.7 Reference documents
- D.8 Databases for ice conditions
- Annex E (informative)Offshore wind turbine foundation and substructure design
- Annex F (informative)Statistical extrapolation of operational metocean parameters for ultimate strength analysis [Go to Page]
- F.1 General
- F.2 Use of IFORM to determine 50-yr significant wave height conditional on mean wind speed
- Figure F.1 – Example of the construction of the 50-year environmental contour for a 3-hour sea state duration.
- F.3 Examples of joint distributions of V and Hs and approximations to the environmental contour
- F.4 Choice of sea state duration
- F.5 Determination of the extreme individual wave height to be embedded in SSS
- F.6 Reference documents
- Annex G (informative)Corrosion protection [Go to Page]
- G.1 General
- G.2 The marine environment
- G.3 Corrosion protection considerations
- G.4 Corrosion protection systems – Support structures
- G.5 Corrosion protection in the rotor–nacelle assembly
- G.6 Reference documents
- Annex H (informative)Prediction of extreme wave heights during tropical cyclones [Go to Page]
- H.1 General
- H.2 Wind field estimation for tropical cyclones
- H.3 Wave estimation for tropical cyclones
- H.4 Reference documents
- H.5 Databases for tropical storms conditions
- Annex I (informative)Recommendations for alignment of safety levels in tropical cyclone regions [Go to Page]
- I.1 General
- I.2 Global robustness level criteria
- I.3 Design load cases
- Table I.1 – Additional load cases for tropical cyclone affected regions
- Bibliography [Go to Page]