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BS EN IEC 61400-50-1:2022 Wind energy generation systems - Wind measurement. Application of meteorological mast, nacelle and spinner mounted instruments, 2023
- undefined [Go to Page]
- European foreword
- Endorsement notice
- Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
- English [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms
- 5 General
- 6 Classification of cup and sonic anemometry [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- 6.2 Classification classes
- 6.3 Influence parameter ranges
- 6.4 Classification of cup and sonic anemometers
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Influence parameter ranges (10 min averages) of classes A, B, C, D and S
- 6.5 Reporting format
- 7 Assessment of cup and sonic anemometry [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General
- 7.2 Measurements of anemometer characteristics [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Measurements in a wind tunnel for tilt angular response characteristics of cup anemometers
- 7.2.2 Wind tunnel measurements of directional characteristics of cup anemometers
- 7.2.3 Wind tunnel measurements of cup anemometer rotor torque characteristics
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Tilt angular response Vα/Vα=0 of a cup anemometer as a function of flow angle α compared to cosine response [Go to Page]
- 7.2.4 Wind tunnel measurements of step responses of cup anemometers
- Figure 2 – Wind tunnel torque measurements QA − QF asa function of angular speed ω of a cup anemometer rotor at 8 m/s [Go to Page]
- 7.2.5 Measurement of temperature induced effects on anemometer performance
- 7.2.6 Wind tunnel measurements of directional characteristics of sonic anemometers
- Figure 3 – Example of bearing friction torque QF asfunction of temperature for a range of angular speeds ω
- 7.3 A cup anemometer classification method based on wind tunnel and laboratory tests and cup anemometer modelling [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Method
- 7.3.2 Example of a cup anemometer model
- Figure 4 – Example of rotor torque coefficient CQA as a function of speed ratio λ derived from step responses with κlow equal to −5,5 and κhigh equal to −6,5
- Table 2 – Tilt angle response of example cup anemometer
- Table 3 – Friction coefficients of example cup anemometer
- Table 4 – Miscellaneous data related to classification of example cup anemometer
- Figure 5 – Classification deviations of example cup anemometer showinga class 1,69A (upper) and a class 6,56B (lower)
- Figure 6 – Classification deviations of example cup anemometer showinga class 8,01C (upper) and a class 9,94D (lower)
- 7.4 A sonic anemometer classification method based on wind tunnel tests and sonic anemometer modelling
- 7.5 Free field comparison measurements
- 8 Wind tunnel calibration procedure for anemometers [Go to Page]
- 8.1 General requirements
- 8.2 Requirements for the wind tunnel
- Figure 7 – Definition of volume for flow uniformity test
- 8.3 Instrumentation and calibration setup requirements
- 8.4 Calibration procedure [Go to Page]
- 8.4.1 General procedure for cup and sonic anemometers
- 8.4.2 Procedure for the calibration of sonic anemometers
- 8.4.3 Determination of the wind speed at the anemometer position
- 8.5 Data analysis
- 8.6 Uncertainty analysis
- 8.7 Reporting format
- 8.8 Example uncertainty calculation
- Table 5 – Example of evaluation of anemometer calibration uncertainty
- 9 In-situ comparison of anemometers [Go to Page]
- 9.1 General
- 9.2 Prerequisite
- 9.3 Analysis method
- 9.4 Evaluation criteria
- Figure 8 – Example valid control anemometer direction sector for a single top-mounted anemometer on a triangular lattice meteorological mast
- 10 Mounting of instruments on the meteorological mast [Go to Page]
- 10.1 General
- Figure 9 – Example valid control anemometer direction sector for a single top-mounted anemometer on a tubular meteorological mast
- 10.2 Single top-mounted anemometer
- 10.3 Side-by-side top-mounted anemometers
- Figure 10 – Example of a top-mounted anemometer and requirements for mounting
- Figure 11 – Example of alternative top-mounted primary and control anemometers positioned side-by-side and wind vane and other instruments on the boom
- 10.4 Side-mounted instruments [Go to Page]
- 10.4.1 General
- 10.4.2 Tubular meteorological masts
- Figure 12 – Iso-speed plot of local flow speed arounda cylindrical meteorological mast [Go to Page]
- 10.4.3 Lattice meteorological masts
- Figure 13 – Centreline relative wind speed as a function of distance Rd from the centre of a tubular meteorological mast and meteorological mast diameter d
- Figure 14 – Representation of a three-legged lattice meteorological mast
- Figure 15 – Iso-speed plot of local flow speed around a triangular lattice meteorological mast with a CT of 0,5
- Figure 16 – Centreline relative wind speed as a function of distance Rd from the centre of a triangular lattice meteorological mast of leg distance Lm for various CT values
- Table 6 – Estimation method for CT for various types of lattice mast
- Figure 17 – 3D CFD derived flow distortion for two different wind directions around a triangular lattice meteorological mast (CT = 0,27) [Go to Page]
- 10.4.4 Flow distortion correction of side-mounted anemometers
- 10.5 Lightning protection
- 10.6 Mounting of other meteorological instruments
- 10.7 Data acquisition system
- 11 Uncertainty of wind speed measurement [Go to Page]
- 11.1 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Introduction
- 11.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Hardware
- 11.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Meteorological mast mounted sensors [Go to Page]
- 11.3.1 General
- 11.3.2 Pre-calibration
- 11.3.3 Post-calibration
- 11.3.4 Classification
- 11.3.5 Mounting
- 11.3.6 Lightning finial
- 11.3.7 Data acquisition
- 11.4 Category B uncertainties: Method – Cold climate
- 11.5 Combining uncertainties [Go to Page]
- 11.5.1 General
- 11.5.2 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement (uV,i)
- 11.5.3 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from cup or sonic anemometer (uVS,i )
- 12 Reporting
- Annex A (informative)Wind tunnel calibration procedure for wind direction sensors [Go to Page]
- A.1 General requirements
- A.2 Requirements of the wind tunnel
- A.3 Instrumentation and calibration setup requirements
- A.4 Calibration procedure
- Figure A.1 – Example of calibration setup of a wind direction sensor in a wind tunnel
- A.5 Data analysis
- A.6 Uncertainty analysis
- A.7 Reporting format
- A.8 Example of uncertainty calculation [Go to Page]
- A.8.1 General
- A.8.2 Measurement uncertainties generated by determination of the flow direction in the wind tunnel
- A.8.3 Uncertainty contribution by uncertainties in the determination of the geometrical centreline αCL (wind tunnel centreline)
- A.8.4 Contribution by uncertainties in the determination of flow direction αdir
- Table A.1 – Uncertainty contributions in wind directions sensor calibration
- Table A.2 – Uncertainty contributions and total standard uncertaintyin wind direction sensor calibration
- Annex B (informative)Mast flow distortion correction for lattice masts [Go to Page]
- Figure B.1 – Example of mast flow distortion
- Figure B.2 – Flow distortion residuals versus wind direction
- Annex C (informative)Nacelle instrument mounting [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Preferred method of anemometer's mounting
- C.3 Preferred position of anemometer
- Figure C.1 – Mounting of anemometer on top of nacelle
- Annex D (informative)Spinner anemometers
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
