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BS EN IEC 61557-12:2022 Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC. Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Power metering and monitoring devices (PMD), 2022
- undefined
- Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
- Annex ZZ (informative)Relationship between this European standard and the safety objectives of Directive 2014/35/EU [2014 OJ L96] aimed to be covered [Go to Page]
- English [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions and notations [Go to Page]
- 3.1 General definitions
- 3.2 Definitions related to uncertainty and performance
- 3.3 Definitions related to electric phenomena
- 3.4 Definitions related to measurement techniques
- 3.5 Notations [Go to Page]
- 3.5.1 Functions
- 3.5.2 Symbols and abbreviations
- 3.5.3 Indices
- 4 Requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General requirements
- 4.2 PMD general architecture
- 4.3 Classification of PMD
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – PMD generic measurement chain
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Functional classification of PMD with minimal required functions
- 4.4 Structure of PMD [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 Structure of PMD related to sensors
- 4.4.2 Requirements for self-powered PMD
- Figure 2 – Description of different types of PMD
- Table 2 – Structure of PMD
- 4.5 List of applicable performance classes
- 4.6 Operating and reference conditions for PMD [Go to Page]
- 4.6.1 Reference conditions
- Table 3 – List of applicable performance classes [Go to Page]
- 4.6.2 Rated operating conditions
- Table 4 – Reference conditions for testing
- Table 5 – Rated operating temperatures for portable equipment
- Table 6 – Rated operating temperatures for fixed installed equipment
- Table 7 – Humidity and altitude operating conditions
- 4.7 Start-up conditions
- 4.8 Requirements for PMD functions [Go to Page]
- 4.8.1 General requirements
- Figure 3 – Relationship between ambient air temperature and relative humidity [Go to Page]
- 4.8.2 Active power (P) and active energy (Ea) measurements
- Table 8 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for active power and active energy measurement
- Table 9 – Influence quantities for active power and active energy measurement (1 of 3)
- Table 10 – Minimum test period [Go to Page]
- 4.8.3 Reactive power (QA, QV) and reactive energy (ErA, ErV) measurements
- Table 11 – Starting current for active power and active energy measurement
- Table 12 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for reactive power and reactive energy measurement
- Table 13 – Influence quantities for reactive power and reactive energy measurement
- Table 14 – Minimum test period [Go to Page]
- 4.8.4 Apparent power (SA, SV) and apparent energy (EapA, EapV) measurements
- Table 15 – Starting current for reactive energy measurement
- Table 16 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for apparent power and apparent energy measurement
- Table 17 – Influence quantities for apparent power and apparent energy measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.5 Frequency (f) measurements
- Table 18 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for frequency measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.6 RMS phase current (I) and neutral current (IN, INc) measurements
- Table 19 – Influence quantities for frequency measurement
- Table 20 – Rated range of operation for phase current measurement
- Table 21 – Rated range of operation for neutral current (calculated or measured)
- Table 22 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for phase current
- Table 23 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for neutral current measurement
- Table 24 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for neutral current calculation
- Table 25 – Influence quantities for phase current and neutral current measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.7 RMS voltage (U) measurements
- Table 26 – Rated range of operation for RMS voltage measurement
- Table 27 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for RMS voltage measurement
- Table 28 – Influence quantities for RMS voltage measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.8 Power factor (PFA, PFV) measurements
- 4.8.9 Short term flicker (Pst) and long term flicker (Plt) measurements
- Table 29 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for power factor measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.10 Voltage dip (Udip) and voltage swell (Uswl) measurements
- Table 30 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for flicker measurement
- Table 31 – Rated range of operation for voltage dips and swells measurement
- Table 32 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage dips and swells measurement
- Table 33 – Influence quantities for dips and swells measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.11 Voltage interruption (Uint) measurements
- 4.8.12 Transient overvoltage (Utr) measurements
- 4.8.13 Voltage unbalance (Unb, Unba) measurements
- Table 34 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage interruption measurement
- Table 35 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for transient overvoltage measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.14 Voltage harmonics (Uh) and voltage THD (THDu and THD-Ru) measurements
- Table 36 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage unbalance measurement
- Table 37 – Rated range of operation for voltage harmonics measurement
- Table 38 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage harmonics measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.15 Current unbalance (Inb, Inba) measurements
- Table 39 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for voltage THDu or THD-Ru measurement
- Table 40 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for current unbalance measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.16 Current harmonics (Ih) and current THD (THDi and THD-Ri) measurements
- Table 41 – Rated range of operation for current harmonics measurement
- Table 42 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for current harmonics measurement
- Table 43 – Intrinsic uncertainty table for current THDi and THD-Ri measurement [Go to Page]
- 4.8.17 Minimum, maximum, peak, three-phases average and demand measurements
- 4.9 General mechanical requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.9.1 Vibration requirements
- 4.9.2 IP requirements
- Table 44 – Minimum IP requirements for PMD
- 4.10 Safety requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.10.1 Protection against electrical hazards
- 4.10.2 Protection against mechanical hazards
- 4.10.3 Protection against other hazards
- 4.11 EMC requirements [Go to Page]
- 4.11.1 Immunity
- 4.11.2 Emission
- 4.12 Inputs and/or outputs [Go to Page]
- 4.12.1 General
- 4.12.2 Analog outputs
- 4.12.3 Pulse outputs
- 4.12.4 Control outputs
- 4.12.5 Analog inputs
- 4.12.6 Pulse and control inputs
- 5 Marking and operating instructions [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Marking
- 5.3 Operating, installation and maintenance instructions [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 General
- 5.3.2 General characteristics
- 5.3.3 Essential characteristics
- Table 45 – PMD specification form
- 6 Tests [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General
- Table 46 – Characteristics specification template
- 6.2 Type tests of PMD [Go to Page]
- 6.2.1 General
- 6.2.2 Tests of intrinsic uncertainty
- 6.2.3 Tests of variation of uncertainty with influence quantities
- 6.2.4 Test of temperature influence
- 6.2.5 Active power
- Figure 4 – Waveform for odd harmonics influence test on active power measurement
- Figure 5 – Spectral content for odd harmonics influence teston active power measurement [Go to Page]
- 6.2.6 Apparent power
- Figure 6 – Waveform for sub-harmonics influence test onactive power measurement
- Figure 7 – Spectral content for sub-harmonics influence teston active power measurement [Go to Page]
- 6.2.7 Power factor
- 6.2.8 Common mode voltage rejection test
- 6.2.9 Frequency
- Figure 8 – Common mode voltage influence testing [Go to Page]
- 6.2.10 Measurement of voltage harmonics and THDu
- 6.2.11 Measurement of current harmonics and THDi
- Figure 9 – Waveform for harmonics influence teston frequency measurement [Go to Page]
- 6.2.12 Dips and swells
- 6.2.13 Voltage interruptions
- 6.2.14 Outputs tests
- 6.2.15 Climatic tests
- 6.2.16 EMC tests
- 6.2.17 Start-up tests
- 6.2.18 Gapless measurement test
- 6.2.19 Safety tests
- 6.3 Routine tests [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 Protective bonding test
- 6.3.2 Dielectric strength test
- 6.3.3 Uncertainty test
- Annexes [Go to Page]
- Annex A (informative) Metering, measuring and monitoring applications [Go to Page]
- A.1 Applications on demand side and supply side
- A.2 Link between applications, devices and standards
- Figure A.1 – Simplified overview of measurement applications onsupply side and demand side
- Table A.1 – Main measurement applications
- Annex B (informative) Definitions of electrical parameters [Go to Page]
- B.1 General
- B.2 Definitions in the presence of a neutral
- Table B.1 – Definition of symbols
- Table B.2 – Calculation definitions for electrical parameters [Go to Page]
- B.3 Power measurement in three-phase three-wire systems using the two-wattmeter method [Go to Page]
- B.3.1 General
- Figure B.1 – Arithmetic and vector apparent powers in sinusoidal situation [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- B.3.2 Total active power
- B.3.3 Total vector reactive power using quadrature phase shift definition
- Figure B.2 – Three-phase circuit without neutral [Go to Page]
- [Go to Page]
- B.3.4 Total vector reactive power using Budeanu’s definition
- B.4 Additional relationships in case of sinusoidal voltage
- Annex C (informative) Convention about the sign of the power factor [Go to Page]
- C.1 General
- C.2 Convention for power factor (consumer perspective)
- Figure C.1 – Formatting of power factor with a consumer perspective [Go to Page]
- C.3 Convention for power factor (producer reference frame)
- Figure C.2 – Convention for power factor with a producer perspective
- Table C.1 – Conventions for the sign of Power factorwith a Consumer perspective
- Table C.2 – Conventions for the sign of power factor with a producer perspective
- Annex D (normative) Definitions of minimum, maximum, peak and demand values [Go to Page]
- D.1 Demand quantities [Go to Page]
- D.1.1 General
- D.1.2 Power demand
- D.1.3 Current demand
- D.1.4 Thermal current demand (or bi-metal current demand)
- D.1.5 Specified intervals for demand calculation
- Figure D.1 – Thermal current demand [Go to Page]
- D.2 Peak demand quantities
- D.3 Three-phase average quantities
- D.4 Maximum and minimum quantities
- Figure D.2 – Fixed block interval
- Figure D.3 – Sliding block interval
- Annex E (informative) Intrinsic uncertainty and operating uncertainty [Go to Page]
- E.1 General
- E.2 Operating uncertainty calculation
- Figure E.1 – Different kinds of uncertainties
- Figure E.2 – Flowchart for the determination of the operating uncertainty
- Annex F (informative) Recommended sensor classes for the different kinds of PMD [Go to Page]
- F.1 General considerations
- F.2 Specific case of an active power and energy measurement, achieved by a PMD associated with an external current sensor or/and a voltage sensor
- F.3 List of functions affected by uncertainty of external sensors
- Table F.1 – PMD SD associated with current sensor or PMD DS associated with voltage sensor or PMD SS associated with voltage and current sensors
- Table F.2 – List of functions affected by uncertainty of external sensors
- Annex G (informative)Notion of measurement uncertainty [Go to Page]
- G.1 General considerations
- G.2 Computing the expanded uncertainty [Go to Page]
- G.2.1 General
- G.2.2 Estimated standard deviation
- G.2.3 Expanded uncertainty
- Table G.1 – Correction factor C(N) for sample size N [Go to Page]
- G.3 Determining the measurement uncertainty [Go to Page]
- G.3.1 Systematic error
- G.3.2 Measurement uncertainty
- Figure G.1 – Illustration of the notion of measurement uncertainty [Go to Page]
- G.4 Using the measurement uncertainty as a pass/fail criterion [Go to Page]
- G.4.1 Intrinsic uncertainty tests
- G.4.2 Tests with influence quantities
- G.4.3 Overall pass/fail criterion
- Figure G.2 – Overview of the uncertainty test procedure
- Bibliography [Go to Page]
