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BS IEC 60479-2:2019 - TC Tracked Changes. Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Special aspects, 2020
- 30380119_NEW.pdf [Go to Page]
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- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Effects of alternating currents with frequencies above 100 Hz [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 100 Hz up to and including 1 000 Hz [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Threshold of perception
- 4.2.2 Threshold of let-go
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Variation of the threshold of perception within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz [Go to Page]
- 4.2.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
- Figure 2 – Variation of the threshold of let-go within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz
- Figure 3 – Variation of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation within the frequency range 50/60 Hz to 1 000 Hz, shock durations longer than one heart period and longitudinal current paths through the trunk of the body
- 4.3 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 1 000 Hz up to and including 10 000 Hz [Go to Page]
- 4.3.1 Threshold of perception
- 4.3.2 Threshold of let-go
- Figure 4 – Variation of the threshold of perception within the frequency range 1 000 Hz to 10 000 Hz
- Figure 5 – Variation of the threshold of let-go within the frequency range 1 000 Hz to 10 000 Hz [Go to Page]
- 4.3.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
- 4.4 Effects of alternating current in the frequency range above 10 000 Hz [Go to Page]
- 4.4.1 General
- 4.4.2 Threshold of perception
- 4.4.3 Threshold of let-go
- 4.4.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
- 4.4.5 Other effects
- 5 Effects of special waveforms of current [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Equivalent magnitude, frequency and threshold
- Figure 6 – Variation of the threshold of ventricular fibrillation for continuous sinusoidal current (1 000 Hz to 150 kHz)
- 5.3 Effects of alternating current with DC components [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Waveforms and frequencies and current thresholds
- 5.3.2 Threshold of startle reaction
- Figure 7 – Waveforms of currents [Go to Page]
- 5.3.3 Threshold of let-go
- Figure 8 – Let-go thresholds for men, women and children [Go to Page]
- 5.3.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
- Figure 9 – 99,5-percentile let-go threshold for combinations of 50/60 Hz sinusoidal alternating current and direct current
- Figure 10 – Composite alternating and direct current with equivalent likelihood of ventricular fibrillation
- Figure 11 – Waveforms of rectified alternating currents
- 6 Effects of alternating current with phase control [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Waveforms and frequencies and current thresholds
- 6.2 Threshold of startle reaction and threshold of let-go
- 6.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- Figure 12 – Waveforms of alternating currents with phase control [Go to Page]
- 6.3.2 Symmetrical control
- 6.3.3 Asymmetrical control
- 7 Effects of alternating current with multicyle control [Go to Page]
- 7.1 Waveforms and frequencies
- 7.2 Threshold of startle reaction and threshold of let-go
- 7.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 General
- Figure 13 – Waveforms of alternating currents calculated with multicycle control factor [Go to Page]
- 7.3.2 Shock durations longer than 1,5 times the period of the cardiac cycle
- 7.3.3 Shock durations less than 0,75 times the period of the cardiac cycle
- 8 Estimation of the equivalent current threshold for mixed frequencies [Go to Page]
- 8.1 Threshold of perception and let-go
- Figure 14 – Threshold of ventricular fibrillation (average value) for alternating current with multicycle control for various degrees of controls (results of experiments with young pigs)
- 8.2 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
- 9 Effects of current pulse bursts and random complex irregular waveforms [Go to Page]
- 9.1 Ventricular fibrillation threshold of multiple pulses of current separated by 300 ms or more
- 9.2 Ventricular fibrillation threshold of multiple pulses of current separated by less than 300 ms [Go to Page]
- 9.2.1 General
- 9.2.2 Examples
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Estimate for ventricular fibrillation threshold after each pulse of current in a series of pulses each of which excited the heart tissue in such a manner as to trigger ventricular responses
- Figure 15 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current
- Figure 16 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current [Go to Page]
- 9.2.3 Random complex irregular waveforms
- Figure 17 – Series of four rectangular pulses of unidirectional current
- Figure 18 – Example of current versus elapsed time overa contaminated insulator
- 10 Effects of electric current through the immersed human body [Go to Page]
- 10.1 General
- 10.2 Resistivity of water solutions and of the human body
- Figure 19 – PC plotted on the AC time current curves (IEC 60479-1:2018, Figure 20)
- Table 2 – Resistivity of water solutions [24], [25]
- 10.3 Conducted current through immersed body
- Table 3 – Resistivity of human body tissues
- 10.4 Physiological effects of current through the immersed body
- Table 4 – Relative interaction between the resistivity of water solution and the impedance characteristic of the electrical source
- 10.5 Threshold values of current
- 10.6 Intrinsically “safe” voltage values
- 11 Effects of unidirectional single impulse currents of short duration [Go to Page]
- 11.1 General
- 11.2 Effects of unidirectional impulse currents of short duration [Go to Page]
- 11.2.1 Waveforms
- 11.2.2 Determination of specific fibrillating energy Fe
- Figure 20 – Forms of current for rectangular impulses,sinusoidal impulses and for capacitor discharges
- 11.3 Threshold of perception and threshold of pain for capacitor discharge
- Figure 21 – Rectangular impulse, sinusoidal impulse and capacitor discharge havingthe same specific fibrillating energy and the same shock duration
- Figure 22 – Threshold of perception and threshold of pain for the current resulting from the discharge of a capacitor (dry hands, large contact area)
- 11.4 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation [Go to Page]
- 11.4.1 General
- 11.4.2 Examples
- Figure 23 – Probability of fibrillation risks for current flowingin the path left hand to feet
- Table 5 – Effects of shocks
- Table 6 – Effects of shocks
- Annexes
- Annex A (informative) Random complex irregular waveform analysis [Go to Page]
- A.1 General
- A.2 Formal theoretical statement of the method
- Figure A.1 – Definition of a segment of a random complex waveform
- Figure A.2 – Definition of a duration within a sample
- A.3 Demonstration of the calculation [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 General
- A.3.2 Choice of justified current
- A.3.3 Choice of sampling step size
- Figure A.3 – PC for demonstration example of the random complex waveformmethod plotted against time-current curves for RMS AC
- A.4 Examples 1 and 2
- Figure A.4 – Random complex waveform typical of those used in Example 1
- Figure A.5 – Random complex waveform typical of those used in Example 2
- Figure A.6 – PC for Examples 1 and 2 of the random complex waveformmethod plotted against time-current curves for RMS AC
- Bibliography [Go to Page]