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PAS 9980:2022 Fire risk appraisal of external wall construction and cladding of existing blocks of flats. Code of practice, 2022
- Contents
- Foreword
- 0 Introduction
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
- 4 General issues for consideration before undertaking
an FRAEW
- 5 Principles of external fire spread
- 6 Legislative context
- 7 Principles and scope of the fire risk appraisal of external walls (FRAEW)
- 8 Competence of external wall assessors
- 9 Information required for completion of the FRAEW
- 10 The FRAEW site survey and inspection
- 11 Fire performance of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
- 12 Considerations for fully and partially clad buildings
- 13 Methodology for basic assessment of the suitability of existing external wall construction
- 14 Application of fire engineering analysis as part of further technical assessment
- 15 Scope and format of the FRAEW report
- Annex A (informative)
Small, intermediate and large‑scale fire tests for external wall construction
- Annex B (informative)
Mechanisms of fire spread and the implications
for the risk posed by external wall fires
- Annex C (informative)
Legislative context
- Annex D (informative)
Requirement B4(1) (of Part B of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations 2010) and associated recommendations of Approved Document B
- Annex E (informative)
Fire and rescue service intervention
- Annex F (informative)
Risk factors arising from fire strategy/fire hazards (including fire and rescue service intervention)
- Annex G (informative)
Considerations in an in‑depth technical assessment using fire engineering analysis
- Annex H (informative)
Expected skillsets of a competent external wall assessor
- Annex I (informative)
Aspects of information gathering
- Annex J (informative)
Site survey and inspection considerations
- Annex K (informative)
Fire performance risk factors
- Annex L (informative)
Generic fire properties of external wall materials, systems and configurations
- Annex M (informative)
Fire performance considerations of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
- Annex N (informative)
Façade configuration risk factors
- Annex O (informative)
Case studies with working examples illustrating the use of the methodology
- Annex P (informative)
Some history of standards, codes of practice and guidance relevant to external wall construction
- Bibliography
- Annex M (informative)
Fire performance considerations of different external wall materials, systems and configurations
- Annex N (informative)
Façade configuration risk factors
- Annex O (informative)
Case studies with working examples illustrating the use of the methodology
- Annex P (informative)
Some history of standards, codes of practice and guidance relevant to external wall construction
- Bibliography
- Figure 1 – Key considerations in arriving at a risk rating for external walls
- Figure 2 – Risk outcomes in relation to expectations of the rate of fire spread over the external walls
- Figure 3 – Five step approach to the basic level of assessment
- Figure 4 – Process for determining whether a full FRAEW is required
- Figure 5 – Possible outcome of risk factor weighting
- Figure 6 – Starting point for applying the risk factors
- Figure 7 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of fire performance
- Figure 8 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of façade configuration
- Figure 9 – Applying the risk factors – consideration of fire strategy/fire hazards
- Figure A.1 – BS 476-7 test apparatus with specimen holder in position for test and containing a blank specimen
- Figure A.2 – Plot of radiation over distance from the BS 476‑7 radiant panel with positions of classes along the sample indicated (final positions at the end of the test)
- Figure A.3 – BS 476‑6 test apparatus with specimen on bench in front of apparatus containing a blank specimen
- Figure A.4 – BS EN ISO 11925‑2 test apparatus with blank specimen in position for test
- Figure A.5 – BS EN 13823 test apparatus with blank specimen in position for test
- Figure A.6 – BS EN ISO 1182 test apparatus
- Figure A.7 – Location of thermocouples for a cladding test
- Figure A.8 – Illustration of thermocouple locations in the layers of the test system
- Figure A.9 – BS 8414-1 rig with a timber crib installed in the combustion chamber but no test specimen installed onto the rig
- Figure A.10 – BS 8414-1 rig with a timber crib fully alight but no specimen installed, indicating severity of test when there is no contribution from a test specimen
- Figure A.11 – Time temperature curve defined in ISO 834
- Figure B.1 – Typical scenario in which external fire spread is restricted, with some, but limited, scope for secondary fires on floors above
- Figure B.2 – Potential scenario resulting in rapid external fire spread and significant risk of multiple secondary fires
- Figure B.3 – Fire at Garnock Court, Irvine
- Figure B.4 – Fire at Shepherd’s Court, London
- Figure B.5 – Fire at Samuel Garside House, Barking
- Figure B.6 – Fire at the Cube, Bolton
- Figure B.7 – Fire in high‑rise block resulting in limited external spread
- Table A.1 – Classification of spread of flame
- Table A.2 – Requirements for classes of materials and products (excluding floorings and pipe insulation) under BS EN 13501‑1
- Table A.3 – Smoke production classification – For products classified A2 to D
- Table A.4 – Flaming droplets/particles classification – For products classified A2 to D
- Table B.1 – Notable fires involving external wall construction and cladding
- Table F.1 – Risk factors arising from fire strategy/fire hazards (including limitations of fire and rescue service intervention)
- Table G.1 – Typical indicators of level of encapsulation
- Table G.2 – Relevance of reaction to fire classes in the absence of a cavity
- Table G.3 – Relevance of heat of combustion by mass in the absence of a cavity
- Table G.4 – Relevance of heat of combustion by area in the absence of a cavity
- Table G.5 – Compartmentation continuation assessment
- Table G.6 – Typical examples of critical success factors
- Table G.7 – Subdivision risk evaluation
- Table G.8 – Consequence mitigation measures
- Table H.1 – Expected skillsets of an external wall assessor
- Table K.1 – Fire performance risk factors
- Table L.1 – Fire properties of common elements – Structural elements
- Table L.2 – Fire properties of common elements – Plasterboard and sheathing boards
- Table L.3 – Fire properties of common elements – Insulation
- Table L.4 – Fire properties of common elements – Cavities
- Table L.5 – Fire properties of common elements – Glazing
- Table L.6 – Fire properties of common elements – Other generic components
- Table L.7 – Fire properties of common system types – Masonry/concrete systems
- Table L.8 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen systems
- Table L.9 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen facing materialsA)
- Table L.10 – Further considerations for specific system types
- Table N.1 – Façade configuration risk factors
- Table P.1 – Model Byelaws 1953
- Table P.2 – Building Regulations 1965
- Table P.3 – Building Regulations 1972
- Table P.4 – Building Regulations 1976
- Table P.5 – Building Regulations 1985 and Approved Document B 1985
- Table P.6 – Building Regulations 1991 and Approved Document B 1992
- Table P.7 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2000 (consolidated with 2000 and 2002 amendments)
- Table P.8 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2006
- Table P.9 – Building Regulations 2010 and Approved Document B 2019
- Table L.2 – Fire properties of common elements – Plasterboard and sheathing boards
- Table L.3 – Fire properties of common elements – Insulation
- Table L.4 – Fire properties of common elements – Cavities
- Table L.5 – Fire properties of common elements – Glazing
- Table L.6 – Fire properties of common elements – Other generic components
- Table L.7 – Fire properties of common system types – Masonry/concrete systems
- Table L.8 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen systems
- Table L.9 – Fire properties of common system types – Rainscreen facing materialsA)
- Table L.10 – Further considerations for specific system types
- Table N.1 – Façade configuration risk factors
- Table P.1 – Model Byelaws 1953
- Table P.2 – Building Regulations 1965
- Table P.3 – Building Regulations 1972
- Table P.4 – Building Regulations 1976
- Table P.5 – Building Regulations 1985 and Approved Document B 1985
- Table P.6 – Building Regulations 1991 and Approved Document B 1992
- Table P.7 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2000 (consolidated with 2000 and 2002 amendments)
- Table P.8 – Building Regulations 2000 and Approved Document B 2006
- Table P.9 – Building Regulations 2010 and Approved Document B 2019 [Go to Page]