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PD 7974-6:2004 The application of fire safety engineering principles to fire safety design of buildings - Human factors. Life safety strategies. Occupant evacuation, behaviour and condition (Sub-system 6), 2004
- PUBLISHED DOCUMENT [Go to Page]
- Committees responsible for this Published�Document
- Contents
- Foreword
- Introduction [Go to Page]
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions [Go to Page]
- 3.1 alarm time
- 3.2 Available Safe Escape Time
- 3.3 compartment
- 3.4 enclosure
- 3.5 escape time
- 3.6 evacuation time
- 3.7 exit
- 3.8 fire scenario
- 3.9 management
- 3.10 means of escape
- 3.11 phased evacuation
- 3.12 presentation time
- 3.13 place of safety
- 3.14 pre-movement time
- 3.15 Required Safe Escape Time
- 3.16 tenability criteria
- 3.17 travel distance
- 3.18 travel time
- 3.19 walking speed
- 3.20 walking time
- 4 Principles [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 The basis of performance-based design
- 4.3 ASET calculations
- 4.4 RSET calculations [Go to Page]
- Figure 1
- 4.5 Margin of safety
- 4.6 Elements used in quantification of RSET
- 5 Design behavioural scenarios for quantification of pre-movement and travel times [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General [Go to Page]
- Table 1
- 5.2 Major behavioural modifiers in each scenario category
- 5.3 Estimation of pre-movement times based on design behavioural scenario
- 5.4 Estimation of travel times based on design behavioural scenario
- 5.5 Interactions between pre-movement time, walking time and exit flow time for evacuation time c...
- 5.6 Calculation of escape and evacuation times for single enclosures and for multi-storey or mult...
- 6 Occupant condition [Go to Page]
- 6.1 Effects fire effluent and heat on ASET and RSET
- 6.2 Simple criteria for tenability based upon zero exposure
- 6.3 Tenability in relation to willingness to enter or ability to move through smoke
- 6.4 Tenability criteria for smoke – ability to move through smoke
- 6.5 Effects of smoke on walking speed
- 6.6 Tenability criteria for exposure to fire and heat
- 6.7 Tenability criteria for toxic gases
- 7 Summary
- Annex A (normative) [Go to Page]
- Default alarm times
- A.1 Effect of alarm system on alarm time [Go to Page]
- A.1.1 Level A1 alarm system
- A.1.2 Level A2 (two stage) alarm system
- A.1.3 Level A3 alarm system
- A.2 Effect of evacuation strategy on alarm time
- Annex B (normative) [Go to Page]
- Pre-movement behaviours and determinants
- B.1 The two components of pre-movement time
- B.2 Recognition
- B.3 Response
- Annex C (normative) [Go to Page]
- Default pre-movement time distribution data and derivations
- C.1 General [Go to Page]
- Figure C.1
- Figure C.2
- Table C.1
- C.2 A: Awake and familiar
- C.3 B: Awake and unfamiliar
- C.4 C: Sleeping
- C.5 D and E medical care, transportation
- Annex D (normative) [Go to Page]
- Guidance on travel speeds and flow rates
- D.1 Horizontal travel speeds
- D.2 Vertical travel speeds [Go to Page]
- Table D.1
- D.3 Maximum flow rates [Go to Page]
- Table D.2
- Table D.3
- Table D.4
- Annex E (normative) [Go to Page]
- Detailed information required for ASET and RSET calculations
- E.1 General
- E.2 The building characteristics and fire safety management strategy [Go to Page]
- E.2.1 Building characteristics, its management in relation to fire safety and the emergency life safety...
- E.2.2 The occupant characteristics
- E.2.3 The fire simulation dynamics
- E.3 Intervention effects
- Annex F (normative) [Go to Page]
- Features of design behavioural scenario categories
- F.1 Category A: Occupants awake and familiar
- F.2 Category B: Occupants awake and unfamiliar
- F.3 Category C: Sleeping
- F.4 Category D Medical care
- F.5 Category E Transportation [Go to Page]
- F.5.1 Buildings
- F.5.2 Vehicles
- Annex G (normative) [Go to Page]
- Effects of smoke on walking speed and proposed tenability�endpoints for smoke, toxic ... [Go to Page]
- Figure G.1
- Table G.1
- Table G.2
- Table G.3
- Annex H (informative) [Go to Page]
- Generic worked examples for a number or design behavioural�scenarios
- H.1 Awake and familiar: Example — Escape and evacuation times for office accommodation [Go to Page]
- H.1.1 General
- H.1.2 Time to detection
- H.1.3 Time to general warning
- H.1.4 Pre-movement times for first few occupants and pre-movement time distributions
- H.1.5 Walking times
- H.1.6 Time to queue and flow time
- H.1.7 Summary for offices
- H.2 Awake and unfamiliar: Example 1 — Escape and evacuation times in a retail enclosure [Go to Page]
- H.2.1 General
- H.2.2 Time to detection
- H.2.3 Time to general warning
- H.2.4 Pre-movement times for first few occupants and pre-movement time distributions
- H.2.5 Walking times
- H.2.6 Time to queue
- H.2.7 Summary for retail
- H.3 Awake and unfamiliar: Example 2 — Escape and evacuation times in an assembly enclosure
- H.4 Sleeping and unfamiliar: Example — Escape and evacuation times in a hotel
- H.5 Sleeping and familiar: Examples — Escape and evacuation times in a dwelling house, flat or maison... [Go to Page]
- H.5.1 Domestic dwellings
- H.5.2 HMO
- H.5.3 Hotel, boarding house
- H.5.4 Hall of residence/residential college/hostel
- H.6 Institutional [Go to Page]
- H.6.1 Hospital, nursing home, old peoples’ home, care home/centre
- H.6.2 Day centre, surgery, clinic, dentist, nursery, health centre
- H.6.3 Education: school, nursery school, adult training centre
- Annex I (informative) [Go to Page]
- Example of interactions calculations [Go to Page]
- Figure I.1
- Bibliography [Go to Page]