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PD IEC/TR 62874:2015 Guidance on the interpretation of carbon dioxide and 2-furfuraldehyde as markers of paper thermal degradation in insulating mineral oil, 2015
- 30324843-VOR.pdf [Go to Page]
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Significance [Go to Page]
- 3.1 General
- 3.2 Thermal and mechanical degradation of paper [Go to Page]
- 3.2.1 General
- 3.2.2 Impact of temperature
- 3.2.3 Impact of humidity and oxygen
- 3.3 Symptoms of paper ageing in insulating oil [Go to Page]
- 3.3.1 General
- 3.3.2 Volatile by-products
- 3.3.3 Soluble by-products
- 3.3.4 Insoluble by-products
- 3.4 Operational parameters influencing paper thermal ageing
- 3.5 Role of oil type and condition
- 3.6 Fault conditions that may affect thermal ageing
- 3.7 Maintenance operations that may affect thermal ageing indicators [Go to Page]
- 3.7.1 General
- 3.7.2 Effects of oil reconditioning
- 3.7.3 Effects of oil reclamation
- 3.7.4 Effects of oil change
- 4 Monitoring protocol [Go to Page]
- 4.1 General
- 4.2 Parameters [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 Basic monitoring
- 4.2.2 Complementary monitoring
- 4.3 Recommended testing frequencies
- 5 Typical values of paper ageing symptoms [Go to Page]
- 5.1 General
- 5.2 Families of equipment
- 6 Estimation of paper thermal degradation and ageing rate [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General approach
- 6.2 Practice
- 7 Actions
- Annex A (informative) Typical values tables [Go to Page]
- A.1 General warning
- A.2 2-FAL typical values [Go to Page]
- A.2.1 General
- A.2.2 Family: GSU (generation step-up units)
- A.2.3 Family: network transmission units
- A.2.4 Family: large distribution units
- A.2.5 Family: industrial distribution units
- A.2.6 Family: LVDC units
- A.3 Carbon dioxide typical values [Go to Page]
- A.3.1 General
- A.3.2 Family: GSU (generation step-up units)
- A.3.3 Family: network transmission units
- A.3.4 Family: large distribution units
- A.3.5 Family: industrial distribution units
- A.3.6 Family: LVDC units
- Bibliography
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Schematic diagram showing rate of ageing k, depending on different ageing mechanisms
- Figure 2 – Relationship between mechanical properties of insulating paper and paper degree of polymerization (DP) [5].
- Figure 3 – Example of flow-chart for the estimation of paper degradation conditions
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table A.1 – 2-FAL typical values for GSU transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 1 860 units)
- Table A.2 – 2-FAL typical values for GSU transformers, filled with inhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 176 units)
- Table A.3 – 2-FAL typical values for network transmission transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 2 845 units)
- Table A.4 – 2-FAL typical values for large distribution transformers, with open breathing conservator, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 7 107 units)
- Table A.5 – 2-FAL typical values for large distribution transformers, with sealed conservator, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 288 units)
- Table A.6 – 2-FAL typical values for industrial distribution transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 3 885 units)
- Table A.7 – 2-FAL typical values for LVDC transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 360 units)
- Table A.8 – CO2 typical values for GSU and excitation transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 1 098 units)
- Table A.9 – CO2 typical values for network transmission transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 435 units)
- Table A.10 – CO2 typical values for large distribution transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 7 291 units)
- Table A.11 – CO2 typical values for industrial distribution transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 4 556 units)
- Table A.12 – CO2 typical values for LVDC transformers, filled with uninhibited mineral oil (based on a population of 273 units) [Go to Page]
