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eLibrary > IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard--Design (Approved Draft) >

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard--Design (Approved Draft), 2023

This document is reproduced and distributed under license from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE), 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 and is protected by United States and international copyright laws and treaties. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form and in any medium, without the prior written consent of the IEEE. If you have any questions, please contact MADCAD.com at support@madcad.com or call at 1.800.798.9296.

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IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard--Design (Approved Draft), 2023

IEEE Std 45.1-2023 front cover
Title page
Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
Participants
Introduction
Contents
1. Overview [Go to Page]
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope
1.3 Purpose
1.4 Word usage
1.5 Application of various national and international standards
1.6 Equipment construction, testing, and certification
2. Normative references
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations [Go to Page]
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
4. System engineering [Go to Page]
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Design baseline
4.3 Product design
4.4 Product baseline
5. Power system characteristics [Go to Page]
5.1 Electrical power systems architectures [Go to Page]
5.1.1 Radial architecture
5.1.2 Zonal architecture
5.1.3 Hybrid architectures
5.2 Standard distribution system types
5.3 Nominal system voltage
5.4 Standard frequency
5.5 Selection of voltage and system type
5.6 AC power system characteristics
5.7 DC power systems characteristics
5.8 Key electrical power system design inputs [Go to Page]
5.8.1 Electric plant load analysis
5.8.2 Ship consumer equipment locations
5.9 Quality of service (QoS) [Go to Page]
5.9.1 Introduction
5.9.2 Service interruption
5.9.3 Reconfiguration time (t1)
5.9.4 Generator start time (t2)
5.9.5 Mean time between service interruptions
5.9.6 QoS categories [Go to Page]
5.9.6.1 Uninterruptible load
5.9.6.2 Short-term interrupt load
5.9.6.3 Long-term interrupt loads
5.9.6.4 Exempt loads
5.10 Electrical power system concept of operation (EPS-CONOPS)
5.11 Marine environmental conditions [Go to Page]
5.11.1 Normal environmental conditions
5.11.2 Abnormal environmental conditions
6. Electrical power system elements [Go to Page]
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Power generation
6.3 Power distribution [Go to Page]
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Primary bus
6.3.3 Distribution bus
6.3.4 Secondary bus
6.3.5 Special bus
6.4 Power conversion
6.5 Energy storage
6.6 Electrical power system supervisory control [Go to Page]
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Power system interface device (PSID)
6.7 Loads [Go to Page]
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Uncontrolled load
6.7.3 Controlled load
6.7.4 Large loads
7. Power system design [Go to Page]
7.1 Power generation and energy storage capacities [Go to Page]
7.1.1 General recommendations
7.1.2 Nonintegrated ship service power and propulsion power systems
7.1.3 Integrated power systems (IPSs)
7.1.4 Special cases
7.2 Power conversion and transformer ratings
7.3 Emergency power [Go to Page]
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Emergency generators
7.3.3 Emergency energy storage
7.3.4 Emergency power distribution system
7.3.5 Emergency switchboard configuration
7.3.6 Temporary emergency power
7.3.7 Temporary emergency circuits
7.3.8 Final emergency circuits
7.3.9 Time factor for supply of emergency power
7.4 Safety
7.5 Power quality and harmonics
7.6 Autonomous and remote control functions
7.7 Insulation system design [Go to Page]
7.7.1 Creepage and clearance
7.7.2 Coordinated insulation design
7.8 Design life and removal routes
8. Electrical power generation [Go to Page]
8.1 General
8.2 Installation and location [Go to Page]
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Air intakes
8.2.3 Engine exhaust
8.3 Generator set prime movers [Go to Page]
8.3.1 Prime mover sizing and performance
8.3.2 Lubrication
8.3.3 Diesel engine generator set [Go to Page]
8.3.3.1 Diesel engine prime mover
8.3.3.2 Diesel engine-generator controls
8.3.4 Gas turbine generator set [Go to Page]
8.3.4.1 Gas turbine prime mover
8.3.4.2 Gas turbine generator controls
8.3.5 Steam turbine generator sets
8.3.6 Prime mover speed control system (governor) [Go to Page]
8.3.6.1 General
8.3.6.2 Mechanical governors
8.3.6.3 Hydraulic-mechanical governors
8.3.6.4 Electronic governors
8.3.7 Engine starters
8.3.8 Shutdown valve
8.3.9 Ignition systems
8.4 Generators [Go to Page]
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Selection and sizing
8.4.3 Generator design
8.4.4 Terminal arrangements and incoming cables
8.4.5 Heaters
8.4.6 Nameplates
8.4.7 Voltage regulation
8.4.8 Generator metering and protection
8.4.9 Variable speed generators for use with rectifiers
8.5 Fuel cells
9. Power distribution [Go to Page]
9.1 General
9.2 Circuit elements
9.3 Shore power [Go to Page]
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Nameplate
9.4 Demand factors [Go to Page]
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Lighting, interior communications, and electronics circuits
9.4.3 Galley circuits
9.4.4 Individual and multiple motor circuits
9.4.5 Other circuits
9.5 Voltage drop [Go to Page]
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Feeder and branch circuit continuity
9.5.3 Feeder connections
9.6 Lighting distribution [Go to Page]
9.6.1 Lights controlled from the navigating bridge
9.6.2 Machinery space lighting
9.6.3 Cargo space lighting
9.6.4 Accommodation space lighting
9.6.5 Two-wire device connections
9.7 Delivery power feeders
9.8 Branch circuits [Go to Page]
9.8.1 General
9.8.2 Heating and cooking equipment
9.8.3 Motors
9.8.4 Fixed appliances
9.8.5 Receptacles
9.8.6 Lighting
9.9 Circuit designation
9.10 Distribution equipment [Go to Page]
9.10.1 Distribution panels
9.10.2 Circuit breakers
9.10.3 Wire lugs and connectors
9.10.4 Feeder box fittings
9.10.5 Branch box fittings
9.10.6 Connection box fittings
9.10.7 Shore connection boxes
9.10.8 Feeder, branch, and connection boxes [Go to Page]
9.10.8.1 General
9.10.8.2 Boxes exposed to weather
9.10.8.3 Molded composition boxes
9.10.8.4 Minimum box wall thickness
9.10.8.5 Metallic box creepage and clearance
9.10.8.6 Stuffing tube bosses/pads
9.10.8.7 Box covers
9.10.8.8 Watertight boxes
9.10.8.9 Box locations
9.10.9 Receptacles, plugs, and switches—non-watertight [Go to Page]
9.10.9.1 General
9.10.9.2 Receptacles
9.10.9.3 Plugs
9.10.9.4 Switches
9.10.9.5 Connections
9.10.9.6 Locations
9.10.10 Receptacles, plugs, and switches other than non-watertight [Go to Page]
9.10.10.1 General
9.10.10.2 Connections
9.10.10.3 Location
9.10.10.4 Terminal and stuffing tubes
9.10.11 Multi-cable penetrators
9.10.12 Bolts, taps, and threads
9.10.13 Power factor correction capacitors
9.10.14 Surge Protective Devices
9.11 Embarked vehicle power
10. Power conversion [Go to Page]
10.1 Power electronics
10.2 Transformers [Go to Page]
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Installation and location
10.2.3 Type, number, and rating [Go to Page]
10.2.3.1 General
10.2.3.2 Wye-wye transformers
10.2.3.3 Wye-delta transformers
10.2.3.4 Delta-wye transformers
10.2.3.5 Delta-delta transformers
10.2.3.6 Multi-winding transformers
10.2.4 Voltage regulation
10.2.5 Parallel operation
10.2.6 Temperature rise
10.2.7 Terminals and connections
10.2.8 Nameplates
11. Energy storage [Go to Page]
11.1 General
11.2 Specific applications [Go to Page]
11.2.1 Controls
11.2.2 Instrumentation
11.2.3 Standby power applications
11.2.4 Buffer applications
11.2.5 Bulk energy storage
11.3 Rechargeable storage batteries [Go to Page]
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Type of batteries
11.3.3 Selection and assembly [Go to Page]
11.3.3.1 Battery selection
11.3.3.2 Battery assembly
11.3.4 Battery size categories [Go to Page]
11.3.4.1 Large batteries
11.3.4.2 Moderate-sized batteries
11.3.4.3 Small batteries
11.3.5 Battery installation recommendations [Go to Page]
11.3.5.1 General
11.3.5.2 Cables
11.3.5.3 Large battery installation
11.3.5.4 Moderate-sized battery installation
11.3.5.5 Small battery installation
11.3.6 Battery arrangement [Go to Page]
11.3.6.1 General
11.3.6.2 Battery trays and racks
11.3.6.3 Battery storage lining
11.3.7 Ventilation [Go to Page]
11.3.7.1 General
11.3.7.2 Battery rooms
11.3.7.3 Battery lockers
11.3.7.4 Battery boxes
11.3.7.5 General equipment rooms, electrical rooms, and other areas
11.3.7.6 Large battery installation ventilation
11.3.7.7 Moderate-sized and small battery installation ventilation
11.3.8 Battery rating
11.3.9 Charging facilities
11.3.10 Overload protection
11.3.11 Lithium battery application
11.4 Flywheels
11.5 Supercapacitors
12. Voice communication systems
13. Motor and motor application [Go to Page]
13.1 General application
13.2 AC and DC motors—General
13.3 Selection [Go to Page]
13.3.1 Three-phase motor voltages
13.3.2 Single-phase ac motor voltages
13.3.3 Supply voltage
13.4 Installation and location
13.5 Insulation of windings
13.6 Locked rotor kVA
13.7 Efficiency
13.8 Lubrication
13.9 Terminal arrangements
13.10 Corrosion-resistant parts
13.11 Nameplates
13.12 Ambient temperature
13.13 Limits of temperature rise
13.14 Motor application [Go to Page]
13.14.1 General
13.14.2 AC motors
13.14.3 DC motors
13.14.4 Ventilating fan and blower motors
13.14.5 Pump motors
13.14.6 Refrigerated spaces
13.14.7 Galley, laundry, workshop, print shop, and similar spaces
13.14.8 Applications in hazardous locations
13.14.9 Deck machinery motors
13.15 Duty rating
13.16 Steering gear motors [Go to Page]
13.16.1 AC motors
13.16.2 DC motors
13.17 Motor brakes [Go to Page]
13.17.1 Introduction
13.17.2 Types
13.17.3 AC brakes
13.17.4 DC brakes
13.17.5 Accessibility
13.17.6 Enclosures [Go to Page]
13.17.6.1 General
13.17.6.2 Open type
13.17.6.3 Drip proof enclosed
13.17.6.4 Watertight enclosed
13.17.7 Construction
13.17.8 Nameplate
13.17.9 Brake application
13.18 Magnetic friction clutches [Go to Page]
13.18.1 General
13.18.2 Nameplate
13.19 Bearing discharge energy due to common-mode voltage
14. Variable frequency drive (VFD) applications
15. Electric propulsion and maneuvering system [Go to Page]
15.1 Scope
15.2 Regulations
15.3 System requirements [Go to Page]
15.3.1 General
15.3.2 Redundancy
15.3.3 Safety
15.4 Propulsion drive transformers
15.5 Propulsion motors [Go to Page]
15.5.1 General
15.5.2 Propulsion motor excitation
15.5.3 AC propulsion motors
15.5.4 DC propulsion motors
15.6 Propulsion motor drives
15.7 Propulsion control
15.8 Podded propulsion [Go to Page]
15.8.1 General
15.8.2 Steering system
15.8.3 Shaft, bearing, sealing systems, and propellers
15.8.4 Auxiliary systems
15.8.5 Electrically powered pods [Go to Page]
15.8.5.1 Electric motor
15.8.5.2 Power transmission system
15.8.5.3 Ventilation and cooling unit
15.9 Propulsion cables
15.10 Propulsion equipment location
15.11 Ventilation
15.12 Bed-plates and foundations
15.13 Lubrication
16. Steering systems [Go to Page]
16.1 General
16.2 Navigating bridge installation
16.3 Power supply
16.4 Alarm system
16.5 Steering gear [Go to Page]
16.5.1 General
16.5.2 Feeder circuits
16.5.3 Direct-drive steering gear
16.6 Steering control systems [Go to Page]
16.6.1 General
16.6.2 Steering control system installation
16.6.3 Steering indication and alarm system
16.6.4 Steering failure alarm system
17. Lighting equipment [Go to Page]
17.1 General
17.2 Location
17.3 Provisions for portable lighting
17.4 Permanent watertight fixtures
17.5 Permanent non-watertight fixtures
17.6 High-intensity discharge lamp fixtures
17.7 Lighting for hazardous locations
17.8 Illumination [Go to Page]
17.8.1 General
17.8.2 Lighting for cargo handling
17.8.3 Lighting for lifeboat and life raft area
17.9 Searchlights [Go to Page]
17.9.1 General
17.9.2 Construction and installation
17.9.3 Lifeboat searchlights
17.10 Emergency lighting
17.11 Nameplates
17.12 Solid state lighting (SSL) [Go to Page]
17.12.1 Introduction
17.12.2 SSL LED system design features for shipboard application
17.13 Navigation lights and signal lights [Go to Page]
17.13.1 General
17.13.2 Navigation lights
17.13.3 Signaling lights
17.13.4 Navigation light indicator panel
18. Whistle and siren control systems
19. Heating equipment [Go to Page]
19.1 Construction
19.2 Heating elements
19.3 Control switches
19.4 Temperature
19.5 Nameplates
19.6 Electrical heat trace (EHT)
20. Galley equipment and workshop equipment [Go to Page]
20.1 Electric cooking equipment [Go to Page]
20.1.1 Construction
20.1.2 Mounting
20.1.3 Electric power
20.1.4 Heating elements
20.1.5 Wiring
20.1.6 Controls
20.1.7 Range tops and griddles
20.1.8 Ovens and broilers
20.1.9 Fry kettles
20.2 Motor-driven equipment
20.3 Nameplates
21. Electrical power system protection [Go to Page]
21.1 Overview
21.2 Electrical power system protection elements [Go to Page]
21.2.1 Fault detection and classification
21.2.2 Fault localization
21.2.3 Fault isolation
21.2.4 System reconfiguration
21.3 Electrical power system protection design [Go to Page]
21.3.1 General
21.3.2 Conductors
21.3.3 AC systems
21.3.4 DC systems
21.3.5 Fault-current calculations and overcurrent protective devices
21.3.6 Fixture wires and cords
21.3.7 Motor branch circuits
22. System studies, analyses, and reports [Go to Page]
22.1 General
22.2 Electric plant load analysis (EPLA)
22.3 Load flow analysis and voltage drop analysis
22.4 Dynamic analysis (transient and stability) [Go to Page]
22.4.1 Background
22.4.2 Articulation of working stability criteria
22.4.3 Recommended dynamic analyses/stability assessments
22.5 Fault current analysis
22.6 Harmonic and frequency analysis
22.7 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
22.8 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) analysis
22.9 Thermal analysis
22.10 Electrical power system data for the life-cycle cost analysis
22.11 Electrical power system data for the signature analysis
22.12 Safe return to port/survivability analysis
22.13 Future power growth assessment
22.14 Protective device coordination study
22.15 Grounding system design report
22.16 Electrical power system corrosion control report
22.17 Electrical power system input to ship’s weight report
22.18 Electrical power system section of the master equipment list
22.19 Electrical power system input to endurance fuel calculations
22.20 Incident energy analysis
23. EMI/EMC/RFI
24. Materials [Go to Page]
24.1 Corrosion-resistant parts
24.2 Flame-retardant materials
24.3 Brittle material
24.4 Cable selection, application, and installation
24.5 Electrical components
25. Power system grounding (earthing) [Go to Page]
25.1 General
25.2 Power system grounding
25.3 Grounding resistors and transformers
25.4 Connection point of system grounding [Go to Page]
25.4.1 AC system grounding
25.4.2 DC system grounding
25.4.3 Merging separately derived systems
25.5 Equipment grounding [Go to Page]
25.5.1 General
25.5.2 Equipment grounding methods
25.5.3 Grounding of portable equipment
25.6 Ground plates on nonmetallic ships
25.7 Lightning protection grounding
25.8 Stray current protection—Cathodic protection
25.9 Ground-fault detection
25.10 Condensation prevention
26. Arc flash management
27. Hazardous locations, installations, and equipment [Go to Page]
27.1 General
27.2 Hazardous area classification [Go to Page]
27.2.1 Overview
27.2.2 NEC and CE Code division classification systems [Go to Page]
27.2.2.1 Types of explosive atmosphere
27.2.2.2 Likelihood that the explosive atmosphere is present
27.2.2.3 Ignition-related properties of the explosive atmosphere
27.2.2.4 Maximum surface temperature of equipment
27.2.3 NEC and CE Code zone classification systems [Go to Page]
27.2.3.1 Types of explosive atmosphere
27.2.3.2 Likelihood that the explosive atmosphere is present
27.2.3.3 Ignition-related properties of the explosive atmosphere
27.2.3.4 Maximum surface temperature of equipment
27.3 Area classification for various vessel types [Go to Page]
27.3.1 Introduction
27.3.2 All vessels—General
27.3.3 Tank vessels and barges
27.3.4 Vehicle carriers and roll-on/roll-off vessels
27.3.5 Mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs)
27.3.6 Coal carriers
27.3.7 Dry bulk carriers other than coal carriers
27.4 Hazardous locations equipment protection techniques
27.5 Hazardous locations equipment markings [Go to Page]
27.5.1 NEC and CE Code division classification systems
27.5.2 NEC and CE Code zone classification systems
27.6 Approved equipment
27.7 Equipment installation [Go to Page]
27.7.1 Wiring methods
27.7.2 Ventilation fans
27.7.3 Belt drives
27.7.4 Battery installations
27.7.5 Paint storage or mixing spaces
27.7.6 Vehicle spaces
27.7.7 Tank vessels [Go to Page]
27.7.7.1 Distribution systems
27.7.7.2 Combustible liquid cargo with a closed cup flashpoint of 60 °C or higher
27.7.7.3 Flammable or combustible liquid cargo with a closed cup flashpoint below 60 °C (including bulk liquefied gas carriers), ammonia, liquid sulfur carriers, and inorganic acid carriers
27.7.7.4 Bulk carbon disulfide
27.7.7.5 Bulk liquefied gas or ammonia
27.7.8 Submerged cargo pumps
27.7.9 Lighting for cargo handling rooms
27.7.10 Branch circuits for hazardous spaces
27.7.11 Ungrounded distribution systems
27.7.12 Vessels carrying coal
28. Ship construction and outfitting [Go to Page]
28.1 Storage and installation
28.2 Spare parts
28.3 Documentation
28.4 Testing
29. System operation and maintenance [Go to Page]
29.1 Fire extinguishing precautions
29.2 Rotating machine cleanliness
29.3 Care of idle apparatus
29.4 Safety
29.5 Total waveform distortion measurements
29.6 Cathodic protection sacrificial anodes
Annex A (informative) Bibliography
Annex B (normative) Electric plant load analysis [Go to Page]
B.1 Operating conditions
B.2 Groupings
B.3 Load factors
B.4 Margins
B.5 Load analysis summary
Annex C (informative) Common-mode fundamentals [Go to Page]
C.1 Introduction [Go to Page]
C.1.1 Common-mode voltage and current overview
C.1.2 Common-mode equivalent models
C.2 Definitions and reference selection
C.3 Neutral point
C.4 Common-mode current
C.5 Common-mode voltage source
C.6 Relationship of common-mode voltages and currents to dq0 transformation
C.7 Common-mode modeling
C.8 Impact of asymmetry on common-mode voltages
C.9 Impact of multiple current paths on common-mode currents
C.10 Impact of grounding method on common-mode currents
C.11 Managing common-mode currents and voltages
C.12 Cable neutral conductors
C.13 Impact of ground faults on common-mode voltages and currents
C.14 References
Annex D (informative) Utilizing Thévenin circuits for common-mode evaluation of power electronic systems [Go to Page]
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Thévenin modeling of power converters [Go to Page]
D.2.1 Background
D.2.2 Limitations of approach
D.3 Characterizing TECs [Go to Page]
D.3.1 Hardware setup
D.3.2 Parameter extraction
D.4 Worst-case system level CM/DM behavior
D.5 References
Back cover [Go to Page]

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IEEE Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations on Shipboard--Design (Approved Draft), 2023

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