Significance and Use

This test method is useful to both suppliers and users of powders, as outlined in 1.1 and 1.2 , in determining particle size distribution for product specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research.

Users should be aware that sample concentrations used in this test method may not be what is considered ideal by some authorities, and that the range of this test method extends into the region where Brownian movement could be a factor in conventional sedimentation. Within the range of this test method, neither the sample concentration nor Brownian movement are believed to be significant.

Reported particle size measurement is a function of both the actual particle dimension and shape factor as well as the particular physical or chemical properties being measured. Caution is required when comparing data from instruments operating on different physical or chemical parameters or with different particle size measurement ranges. Sample acquisition, handling, and preparation can also affect reported particle size results.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distributions of metal powders. Experience has shown that this test method is satisfactory for the analysis of elemental tungsten, tungsten carbide, molybdenum, and tantalum powders, all with an as-supplied Fisher number of 6 m or less, as determined by Test Method B 330. Other metal powders (for example, elemental metals, carbides, and nitrides) may be analyzed using this test method with caution as to significance until actual satisfactory experience is developed (see ). The procedure covers the determination of particle size distribution of the powder in the following two conditions:

1.1.1 As the powder is supplied (as-supplied), and

1.1.2 After the powder has been deagglomerated by rod milling as described in Practice B 859.

1.2 This test method is applicable to particles of uniform density and composition having a particle size distribution range of 0.1 up to 100 m.

1.2.1 However, the relationship between size and sedimentation velocity used in this test method assumes that particles sediment within the laminar flow regime. This requires that the particles sediment with a Reynolds number of 0.3 or less. Particle size distribution analysis for particles settling with a larger Reynolds number may be incorrect due to turbulent flow. Some materials covered by this test method may settle with Reynolds number greater than 0.3 if particles greater than 25 m are present. The user of this test method should calculate the Reynolds number of the largest particle expected to be present in order to judge the quality of obtained results. Reynolds number (Re) can be calculated using the flowing equationEquation 1 - Re = D ³ ( - 0 ) 0 g/18 ² whereD the diameter of the largest particle expected to be present, the particle density, 0 the suspending liquid density, gthe acceleration due to gravity, and is the suspending liquid viscosity.A table of the largest particles that can be analyzed with Reynolds number of 0.3 or less in water at 35C is given for a number of metals in . A column of the Reynolds number calculated for a 30-m particle sedimenting in the same liquid system is given for each material also.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 7.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

B330 Test Method for Fisher Number of Metal Powders and Related Compounds

B821 Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis

B859 Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis

E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics

E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

Keywords

metal powders; particle size; particle size distribution; powdered metals; refractory metal powders; sedimentation particle size distribution;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 77.160 (Powder metallurgy)

DOI: 10.1520/B0761-06R11

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ASTM B761