Significance and Use

The distribution coefficient, K _d , is an experimentally determined ratio quantifying the distribution of a chemical species between a given fluid and geomedium sample under certain conditions, including the attainment of constant aqueous concentrations of the species of interest. The K _d concept is used in mass transport modeling, for example, to assess the degree to which the movement of a species will be delayed by interactions with the geomedium as the solution migrates through the geosphere under a given set of underground geochemical conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.). The retardation factor ( R _f ) is the ratio of the velocity of the groundwater divided by the velocity of the contaminant, which can be expressed as:

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of distribution coefficients of chemical species to quantify uptake onto solid materials by a batch sorption technique. It is a laboratory method primarily intended to assess sorption of dissolved ionic species subject to migration through pores and interstices of site specific geomedia. It may also be applied to other materials such as manufactured adsorption media and construction materials. Application of the results to long-term field behavior is not addressed in this method. Distribution coefficients for radionuclides in selected geomedia are commonly determined for the purpose of assessing potential migratory behavior of contaminants in the subsurface of contaminated sites and waste disposal facilities. This test method is also applicable to studies for parametric studies of the variables and mechanisms which contribute to the measured distribution coefficient.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water

D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass

D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)

D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits

D4319 Test Method for Distribution Ratios by the Short-Term Batch Method

D4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Groundwater

Keywords

adsorption; attenuation; batch sorption; distribution coefficient; geochemical; ground water; ion exchange capacity; isotherm; liquid migration; short-term batch;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 13.080.99 (Other standards related to soil quality); 71.040.40 (Chemical analysis)

DOI: 10.1520/C1733-10

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM C1733