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  • ASTM
    C323-56(2016) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
    Edition: 2016
    $103.58
    Unlimited Users per year

Description of ASTM-C323 2016

ASTM C323-56-Reapproved2016

Withdrawn Standard: Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays (Withdrawn 2024)




ASTM C323

Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of clays used in the manufacture of ceramic whitewares.

1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:

 

Section

 Moisture

  7

 Loss on Ignition

  8

 Silica

  9

 Iron, Aluminum, and Titanium Oxides

 10

 Iron Oxide

 11

 Titania

 12

 Alumina

 13

 Lime

 14

 Magnesia

 15

 Alkalies

 16

Note 1: These test methods have been compiled as standard procedures for use in referee analyses. These test methods, however, when the determination of iron oxide as Fe2O3 is involved, are not intended to preclude the use of other procedures that give results within the permissible variations. For the sake of uniformity the classical Zimmerman-Reinhardt procedure is specified for the determination of iron oxide. It is recognized that numerous other procedures are equally accurate and often more convenient. The other procedures commonly in use include reduction of an oxidized solution with zinc or other metal, and titration with standard potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) solution, as well as titration with a standard solution of titanous chloride in an oxidized solution. These procedures shall be considered acceptable, provided the analyst has obtained results by his special procedure that check with the Zimmerman-Reinhardt procedure within the limits specified in Section 17. It is suggested that National Institute of Standards and Technology standard samples be used for checking the accuracy of procedures.

It will be understood that the making of a complete analysis of a ceramic whiteware clay is a difficult procedure requiring a wide knowledge of the chemistry involved in the operations and a thorough training in carrying out the work. A skilled analyst of good training is therefore required to do the work. The descriptions here given cover the vital points of procedure, but frequent reference in regard to the details of the various manipulations should be made to “Applied Inorganic Analysis” by Hillebrand and Lundell2 and to similar publications. Particularly in the determination of alumina, reference should be made to Scientific Paper No. 286 of the National Bureau of Standards.3

1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.


Keywords

ceramic whiteware clays; chemical analysis;


ICS Code

ICS Number Code 91.100.25 (Terracotta building products)


DOI: 10.1520/C0323-56R16

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About ASTM

ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide.
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