1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers materials for use as chemical admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures in the field for the purpose or purposes indicated for the seven types as follows:

1.1.1 Type A Water-reducing admixtures,

1.1.2 Type B Retarding admixtures,

1.1.3 Type C Accelerating admixtures,

1.1.4 Type D Water-reducing and retarding admixtures,

1.1.5 Type E Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures,

1.1.6 Type F Water-reducing, high range admixtures, and

1.1.7 Type G Water-reducing, high range, and retarding admixtures.

1.2 This specification stipulates tests of an admixture with suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1-11.3 or with cement, pozzolan, aggregates, and an air-entraining admixture proposed for specific work (11.4). Unless specified otherwise by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using concreting materials as described in 11.1-11.3.

Note 1It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made using the cement, pozzolan, aggregates, air-entraining admixture, and the mixture proportions, batching sequence, and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work (11.4) because the specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete. For instance, Types F and G admixtures may exhibit much higher water reduction in concrete mixtures having higher cement factors than that listed in 12.1.1.

Mixtures having a high range water reduction generally display a higher rate of slump loss. When high-range admixtures are used to impart increased workability (6 to 8-in. slump [150 to 200-mm]), the effect may be of limited duration, reverting to the original slump in 30 to 60 min depending on factors normally affecting rate of slump loss. The use of chemical admixtures to produce high-slump (flowing) concrete is covered by Specification C 1017.

Note 2The purchaser should ensure that the admixture supplied for use in the work is equivalent in composition to the admixture subjected to test under this specification (see Section 6, Uniformity and Equivalence).

Note 3Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of acceptability of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete.

1.3 This specification provides for three levels of testing.

1.3.1 Level 1 During the initial approval stage, proof of compliance with the performance requirements defined in Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the requirements of this specification. Admixtures (except for Types B, C, and E) shall qualify for provisional compliance when the alternative compressive strength requirements in Table 1 are met. If subsequent test results at 6 months or one year fail to meet the standard requirement of 100 % of reference strength, the compliance of the admixture to this standard is withdrawn and all users of the admixture shall be notified immediately. Uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be carried out to provide results against which later comparisons can be made (See Note 4).

Note 0 &38212;Allowing for provisional compliance while retaining longer term compressive strength requirements promotes more rapid qualification of new materials, but also provides assurance that new admixture technologies will not exhibit unexpected longer term performance. The alternative compressive strength requirements in are based on statistical analysis of 103 Specification C 494/C 494M evaluation tests. The alternative requirements correspond to a 99 % probability of passing subsequent test age requirements.

1.3.2 Level 2 Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.1 and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture with the requirements of the specification.

1.3.3 Level 3 For acceptance of a lot or for measuring uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of Section shall be used.

1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.

1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method sections, Sections 11-18 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates

C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

C150 Specification for Portland Cement

C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete

C183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory

C231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete

C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance

C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing

C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete

D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates

D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals

D1193 Specification for Reagent Water

E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ManualofAggregateand

American Concrete Institute Standard

Keywords

accelerating; chemical admixtures; concrete; physical requirements; retarding; specific performance; testing; water reducing;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products)

DOI: 10.1520/C0494_C0494M-05

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