Abstract

This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the oils are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both. This guide is classified into the following categories: sampling practices, physical tests, electrical tests, chemical tests, and specifications. The test methods shall be as follows: aniline point; coefficient of thermal expansion; color; examination; flash and fire point; interfacial tension; pour point of petroleum products; refractive index; relative density; specific heat; thermal conductivity; turbidity; viscosity; dielectric breakdown voltage; dissipation factor and relative permittivity; gassing tendency; resistivity; stability under electrical discharge; acidity; carbon-type composition; compatibility with construction material; copper content; furanic compounds; gas analysis; gas content; inorganic chlorides and sulfates; neutralization numbers; oxidation inhibitor content; oxidation stability; polychlorinated biphenyl content; sediment and soluble sludge; sulfur; water content; mineral insulating oil for electrical apparatus; and high firepoint electrical insulating oils.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the oils are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both.

1.2 The purpose of this guide is to outline the applicability of the available test methods. Where more than one is available for measuring a given property, their relative advantages are described, along with an indication of laboratory convenience, precision, (95 % confidence limits), and applicability to specific types of electrical insulating oils.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration

D831 Test Method for Gas Content of Cable and Capacitor Oils

D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes

D878 Test Method for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils

D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids

D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method

D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration

D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer

D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids

D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables

D1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insulating Oils

D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer

D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)

D1524 Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin in the Field

D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

D1534 Test Method for Approximate Acidity in Electrical Insulating Liquids by Color-Indicator Titration

D1698 Test Method for Sediments and Soluble Sludge in Service-Aged Insulating Oils

D1807 Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids

D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes

D1827 Test Method for Gas Content (Nonacidic) of Insulating Liquids by Displacement with Carbon Dioxide

D1903 Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels

D1934 Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Petroleum Oils by Open-Beaker Method

D2112 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel

D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin

D2144 Practices for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption

D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

D2285 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method

D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)

D2440 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oil

D2668 Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorption

D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids

D2759 Practice for Sampling Gas from a Transformer Under Positive Pressure

D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids

D2945 Test Method for Gas Content of Insulating Oils

D3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions

D3305 Practice for Sampling Small Gas Volume in a Transformer

D3455 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin

D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus

D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography

D3635 Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

D4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

D4768 Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

D5222 Specification for High Fire-Point Mineral Electrical Insulating Oils

D5837 Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

D6180 Test Method for Stability of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Electrical Discharge

D6181 Test Method for Measurement of Turbidity in Mineral Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin

D6786 Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters

D6802 Test Method for Determination of the Relative Content Of Dissolved Decay Products in Mineral Insulating Oils by Spectrophotometry

D7150 Test Method for the Determination of Gassing Characteristics of Insulating Liquids Under Thermal Stress at Low Temperature

D7151 Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insulating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Keywords

chemical properties; electrical insulating oils; electrical properties; measured; physical properties; properties; sampling ; specification; Chemical analysis; Current measurement; Electrical insulating liquids; Electrical insulating liquids--specifications; Electrical insulating oils; Electrical insulating oils--specifications; Electrical insulating petroleum products; Electrical properties; Electrical shielding cable; Gas analysis; Inorganic compounds; Neutralization numbers; Oil circuit breakers; Petroleum oils; Organic matter content; Petroleum oils--specifications; Physical properties/dimensions/characteristics; Sampling electrical inisulating materials; Transformer oils; Visual examination--electrical insulating materials;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 29.040.10 (Insulating oils)

DOI: 10.1520/D0117-10

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D117