ASTM D4221-99
Historical Standard: ASTM D4221-99 Standard Test Method for Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soil by Double Hydrometer
SUPERSEDED (see Active link, below)
ASTM D4221
1. Scope
1.1 This test method, when used in conjunction with a test performed by Method D422 on a duplicate soil sample, provides an indication of the natural dispersive characteristics of clay soils (1).
1.2 This test method is applicable only to soils with a plasticity index greater than 4 as determined in accordance with Method D4318 and more than 12% of the soil fraction finer than 5-[mu]m as determined in accordance with Method D422 (2).
1.3 This test method is similar to Method D422, except that this method covers the determination of percent of soil particles smaller than 5-[mu]m in diameter in a soil-water suspension without mechanical agitation and to which no dispersing agent has been added.
1.4 The amount of particles smaller than 5-[mu]m determined by this method compared with the total amount of particles smaller than 5-[mu]m determined by Method D422 is a measure of the dispersive characteristics of the soil.
1.5 This test method may not identify all dispersive clay soils.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2251 Test Method for Metal Corrosion by Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Admixtures
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4647 Test Method for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
Keywords
clays; deflocculation; dispersion; dispersive clay; erosion; gradation; hydrometer analysis; jugging; particle size; piping; Dispersive clay soil; Double hydrometer method; Hydrometer analysis; Particle analysis--soil; Slightly dispersive clay soil; Soil
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 91.100.15 (Mineral materials and products)
DOI: 10.1520/D4221-99
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