Significance and Use

Rock bolts are used for support in a variety of mining and civil engineering situations. After a bolt is installed, the load generally decreases over time due to deterioration of the borehole wall, creep, and other factors. This process may be arrested by fully encapsulating the bolt shortly after installation. This is generally done by pumping the bolt hole full of cement grout, though synthetic resins may also be used. The rate of load loss determines the interval during which the bolt must be encapsulated during construction.

The local characteristics of the rock, such as roughness of the borehole and induced fractures, are significant factors in the load loss characteristics of the bolt. To obtain realistic values, the test holes should be drilled using the same methods as those used for the construction boreholes.

In establishing a testing program, the following factors should be considered:

Load retention tests should be conducted in all rock types where construction bolts will be installed. If the rock is anisotropic, for example, bedded or schistose, the tests should be conducted in the same orientations relative to the anisotropy as the construction bolts will be installed.

In each rock type, at each orientation, and for each anchor system, a sufficient number of tests should be conducted to determine the average and minimum long-term capacities within a fixed uncertainty band at the 95 % confidence level. The allowable uncertainty band depends on the project and involves such factors as rock quality, expected project lifetime, and importance of the areas to be bolted. The uncertainty band determination will require considerable engineering judgment. As a rough guideline, at least six long-term tests for a single set of variables have been found necessary to satisfy the statistical requirements.

The design load and installation load on the rock bolt system should be predetermined. The installation load is less than the anchor capacity, as determined by Method D 4435 . The design load is less than the installation load; the amount depends on rock properties and the minimum time required to encapsulate the bolts. Alternatively, this method can be run for a predetermined time interval based on construction requirements, and a realistic design load can be determined from the data.

Note 1The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.

1. Scope

1.1 The objective of this test method is to determine the time over which rock bolt tension decreases from the installed value to a designated minimum value.

1.2 This test method is applicable to any anchor system which is not fully encapsulated immediately upon installation, including mechanical, cement grout, resin (epoxy, polyester, and the like) or other similar systems.

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026 .

1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction

D4435 Test Method for Rock Bolt Anchor Pull Test

D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data

D6167 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper

Keywords

anchors (rock); field testing; loading tests; mines; pull testing; rock; Pull testing; Rock materials/properties/analysis; Anchor bolts; Field testing--rock; Loading tests--rock/related materials; Mines;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 93.020 (Earth works. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works)

DOI: 10.1520/D4436-08

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D4436