|
FORMAT
BOOKS
PACKAGES
EDITION
PUBLISHER
CONTENT TYPE
Act
Admin Code
Announcements
Bill
Book
CADD File
CAN
CEU
Charter
Checklist
City Code
Code
Commentary
Comprehensive Plan
Conference Paper
County Code
Course
DHS Documents
Document
Errata
Executive Regulation
Federal Guideline
Firm Content
Guideline
Handbook
Interpretation
Journal
Land Use and Development
Law
Legislative Rule
Local Amendment
Local Code
Local Document
Local Regulation
Local Standards
Manual
Model Code
Model Standard
Notice
Ordinance
Other
Paperback
PASS
Periodicals
PIN
Plan
Policy
Product
Product - Data Sheet
Program
Provisions
Requirements
Revisions
Rules & Regulations
Standards
State Amendment
State Code
State Manual
State Plan
State Standards
Statute
Study Guide
Supplement
Sustainability
Technical Bulletin
All
|
Description of ASTM-D4814 2009ASTM D4814-09bHistorical Standard: Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelASTM D4814Scope 1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. 1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1. 1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements. 1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification. 1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition. Note 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D 4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters. 1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D 4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method D 4815 also includes procedures for calculating mass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volume percent. Appendix X4 provides a procedure for calculating the mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type, oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measured density or relative density of the fuel. 1.7 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limits in Tables 1, 3, and Table X8.1, and it will not be observed in the remainder of this specification. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are the standard, except when other units are specified by federal regulation. Values given in parentheses are provided for information only. Note 2—Many of the values shown in Table 1 were originally developed using U.S. customary units and were subsequently soft-converted to SI values. As a result, conversion of the SI values will sometimes differ slightly from the U.S. customary values shown because of round-off. In some cases, federal regulations specify non-SI units. 1.9 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. TABLE 1 Vapor Pressure and Distillation Class RequirementsA
A See 1.7 for determining conformance with specification limits in this table. When using this table to determine the conformance of gasoline volatility, the reader is advised to review other possible requirements (for example, EPA Substantially Similar rule, California Air Resources Board (CARB), Clean Burning Gasoline (CBG), other state or local and pipeline specifications). B Consult EPA for approved test methods for compliance with EPA vapor pressure regulations. C At 101.3 kPa pressure (760 mm Hg). D Driveability Index (DI) = 1.5 T10 + 3.0 T50 + 1.0 T90 + 1.33°C (2.4°F) × Ethanol Volume %, where T10 = distillation temperature, °C (°F), at 10 % evaporated, T 50 = distillation temperature, °C (°F), at 50 % evaporated, T90 = distillation temperature, °C (°F), at 90 % evaporated, and 1.33 is the coefficient for the volume % ethanol present when the distillation results are determined in degrees Celsius and 2.4 is the coefficient when distillation results are determined in degrees Fahrenheit. E The DI specification limits are applicable at the refinery or import facility as defined by 40 CFR Part 80.2 and are not subject to correction for precision of the test method. F Since DI is an index and has no units, the standard temperature conversion from U.S. customary to SI units is not appropriate. The following equation is to be used to make the conversion: G Gasolines that may be blended with 1 to 10 volume percent ethanol or all other gasolines whose disposition with ethanol blending is not known shall meet a minimum 50 % evaporated distillation temperature of 77°C (170.°F) prior to blending with ethanol. Gasolines that contain 1 to 10 volume percent ethanol shall meet a minimum 50 % evaporated distillation temperature of 66°C (150.°F) after blending. H Gasolines known from the origin to retail that will not be blended with ethanol may meet a minimum 50 % evaporated distillation temperature of 66°C (150.°F) for volatility classes D and E only. Gasolines meeting these limits are not suitable for blending with ethanol. Keywords alcohol; antiknock index; automotive fuel; automotive gasoline; automotive spark-ignition engine fuel; copper strip corrosion; corrosion; distillation; driveability; Driveability Index; EPA regulations; ethanol; ether; fuel; gasoline; gasoline-alcohol blend; gasoline-ethanol blend; gasoline-ether blend; gasoline-oxygenate blend; induction period; lead; leaded fuel; methanol; MTBE; octane number; octane requirement; oxidation stability; oxygenate; oxygenate detection; phase separation; phosphorous; solvent-washed gum; sulfur; TV/L = 20; unleaded fuel; vapor-liquid ratio; vapor lock; vapor pressure; volatility; water tolerance; Alcohol content; Automotive engine fuels/oils--specifications; Petroleum products--specifications ICS Code ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels) DOI: 10.1520/D4814-09B This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
Some features of MADCAD.com ASTM Standards Subscriptions are: - Immediate Access: As soon as the transaction is completed, your ASTM Standards Subscription will be ready for access.
For any further information on MADCAD.com ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
GROUPS
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
MADCAD.com
by Compu-tecture, Inc.
|
Contact Us
3000 Connecticut Ave, NW
Suite 200
Washington, DC 20008
+1 800.798.9296
+1 202.265.1940
|
|
Partnerships
|