1. Scope

1.1 This practice considers the selection and characterization (that is, defining soil, rock types, and hydraulic gradients) of the target monitoring zone as an integral component of monitoring well design and installation. Hence, the development of a conceptual hydrogeologic model for the intended monitoring zone(s) is recommended prior to the design and installation of a monitoring well.

1.2 These guidelines are based on recognized methods by which monitoring wells may be designed and installed for the purpose of detecting the presence or absence of a contaminant, and collecting representative ground water quality data. The design standards and installation procedures herein are applicable to both detection and assessment monitoring programs for facilities.

1.3 The recommended monitoring well design, as presented in this practice, is based on the assumption that the objective of the program is to obtain representative ground water information and water quality samples from aquifers. Monitoring wells constructed following this practice should produce relatively turbidity-free samples for granular aquifer materials ranging from gravels to silty sand and sufficiently permeable consolidated and fractured strata. Strata having grain sizes smaller than the recommended design for the smallest diameter filter pack materials should be monitored by alternative monitoring well designs which are not addressed in this practice.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word 'Standard' in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 5092

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C150 Specification for Portland Cement

C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates

D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants

D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings

D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils

D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes

D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Investigation

D2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Constants

D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)

D3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes

D3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil

D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils

D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples

D4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone

D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)

D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples

D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites

D5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements to Identify a Ground-Water Site

D5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Groundwater Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices for Environmental Activities

D5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock

D5518 Guide for Acquisition of File Aerial Photography and Imagery for Establishing Historic Site-Use and Surficial Conditions

D5521 Guide for Development of Ground-Water Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers

D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites

D5730 Guide for Site Characterization for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone and Ground Water

D5753 Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging

D5777 Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface Investigation

D5781 Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5787 Practice for Monitoring Well Protection

D5872 Guide for Use of Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5875 Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring Devices

D5978 Guide for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

D5979 Guide for Conceptualization and Characterization of Groundwater Systems

D6001 Guide for Direct-Push Ground Water Sampling for Environmental Site Characterization

D6067 Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization

D6167 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging: Mechanical Caliper

D6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investigations

D6235 Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Groundwater Contamination at Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites

D6274 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging - Gamma

D6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations

D6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization

D6429 Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods

D6430 Guide for Using the Gravity Method for Subsurface Investigation

D6431 Guide for Using the Direct Current Resistivity Method for Subsurface Investigation

D6432 Guide for Using the Surface Ground Penetrating Radar Method for Subsurface Investigation

D6519 Practice for Sampling of Soil Using the Hydraulically Operated Stationary Piston Sampler

D6639 Guide for Using the Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method for Subsurface Investigations

D6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Investigations

D6724 Guide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring Wells

D6725 Practice for Direct Push Installation of Prepacked Screen Monitoring Wells in Unconsolidated Aquifers

D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Investigations

F480 Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR), SCH 40 and SCH 80

Keywords

aquifer; borehole drilling; geophysical exploration; groundwater; monitoring well; site investigation; Aquifers; Borehole drilling; Design--ground-water systems; Field testing--ground water/aquifers; Geophysical investigations/geophysics; Ground-water monitoring/sampling; Hydrogeologic models/investigations; Installation--ground water/subsurface devices/applications; Rock materials/properties/analysis; Site identification/investigation/selection;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 13.060.10 (Water of natural resources)

DOI: 10.1520/D5092-02

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