|
FORMAT
BOOKS
PACKAGES
EDITION
PUBLISHER
CONTENT TYPE
Act
Admin Code
Announcements
Bill
Book
CADD File
CAN
CEU
Charter
Checklist
City Code
Code
Commentary
Comprehensive Plan
Conference Paper
County Code
Course
DHS Documents
Document
Errata
Executive Regulation
Federal Guideline
Firm Content
Guideline
Handbook
Interpretation
Journal
Land Use and Development
Law
Legislative Rule
Local Amendment
Local Code
Local Document
Local Regulation
Local Standards
Manual
Model Code
Model Standard
Notice
Ordinance
Other
Paperback
PASS
Periodicals
PIN
Plan
Policy
Product
Product - Data Sheet
Program
Provisions
Requirements
Revisions
Rules & Regulations
Standards
State Amendment
State Code
State Manual
State Plan
State Standards
Statute
Study Guide
Supplement
Sustainability
Technical Bulletin
All
|
Description of ASTM-D7206 2013ASTM D7206/D7206M-06-e1-Reapproved2013Historical Standard: Standard Guide for Cyclic Deactivation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalysts with MetalsASTM D7206/D7206MScope 1.1 This guide covers the deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst in the laboratory as a precursor to small scale performance testing. FCC catalysts are deactivated in the laboratory in order to simulate the aging that occurs during continuous use in a commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). Deactivation for purposes of this guide constitutes hydrothermal deactivation of the catalyst and metal poisoning by nickel and vanadium. Hydrothermal treatment is used to simulate the physical changes that occur in the FCC catalyst through repeated regeneration cycles. Hydrothermal treatment (steaming) destabilizes the faujasite (zeolite Y), resulting in reduced crystallinity and surface area. Further decomposition of the crystalline structure occurs in the presence of vanadium, and to a lesser extent in the presence of nickel. Vanadium is believed to form vanadic acid in a hydrothermal environment resulting in destruction of the zeolitic portion of the catalyst. Nickel’s principle effect is to poison the selectivity of the FCC catalyst. Hydrogen and coke production is increased in the presence of nickel, due to the dehydrogenation activity of the metal. Vanadium also exhibits significant dehydrogenation activity, the degree of which can be influenced by the oxidation and reduction conditions prevailing throughout the deactivation process. The simulation of the metal effects that one would see commercially is part of the objective of deactivating catalysts in the laboratory. 1.2 The two basic approaches to laboratory-scale simulation of commercial equilibrium catalysts described in this guide are as follows: 1.2.1 Cyclic Propylene Steaming (CPS) Method, in which the catalyst is impregnated with the desired metals via an incipient wetness procedure (Mitchell method)2 followed by a prescribed steam deactivation. 1.2.2 Crack-on Methods, in which fresh catalyst is subjected to a repetitive sequence of cracking (using a feed with enhanced metals concentrations), stripping, and regeneration in the presence of steam. Two specific procedures are presented here, a procedure with alternating metal deposition and deactivation steps and a modified Two-Step procedure, which includes a cyclic deactivation process to target lower vanadium dehydrogenation activity. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Keywords cyclic deactivation; fluid catalytic cracking catalyst; hydrothermal treatment ICS Code ICS Number Code 71.040.30 (Chemical reagents) DOI: 10.1520/D7206_D7206M-06R13E01 This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
Some features of MADCAD.com ASTM Standards Subscriptions are: - Immediate Access: As soon as the transaction is completed, your ASTM Standards Subscription will be ready for access.
For any further information on MADCAD.com ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
GROUPS
|
|
MADCAD.com
by Compu-tecture, Inc.
|
Contact Us
3000 Connecticut Ave, NW
Suite 200
Washington, DC 20008
+1 800.798.9296
+1 202.265.1940
|
|
Partnerships
|