Significance and Use

Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.

Note 3For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1). )

The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.

Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.

These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history and specimen dimension.

Testing conditions that influence the results include: axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.

Interpretation of data also influences results.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.

1.2 Units The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

E111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus

E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application

Keywords

shear modulus; stress-strain diagram; torque-twist diagram; Angle of twist; Copper alloy pipe; Copper tube; Ferrous metals/alloys; Nonferrous metals/alloys; Shear modulus; Steel; Steel pipe; Strain testing--metallic materials; Stress--metallic materials; Stress-strain testing; Structural metals/alloys; Structural steel (SS); Temperature (applications); Torque; Torsion testing; Twist;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 77.040.10 (Mechanical testing of metals)

DOI: 10.1520/E0143-02R08

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM E143