ASTM E18-02
Historical Standard: ASTM E18-02 Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
SUPERSEDED (see Active link, below)
ASTM E18
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Rockwell hardness and the Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials, including test methods for the verification of machines for Rockwell hardness testing (Part B) and the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks (Part C).
1.2 Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Note 6.)
Note 1The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) maintains the national Rockwell hardness standards for the United States. In June 1998, NIST released new Rockwell C scale (HRC) test blocks as Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The blocks were calibrated using NIST's primary reference standardizing machine. The major benefit of the NIST standards is that their HRC levels are in line with the other industrialized countries around the world. The NIST HRC levels establish the hardness of materials slightly harder than the historical standards used in the United States for the past 75 years. The revision of E 18 requires that all performance verifications of Rockwell hardness indenters and hardness machines must be made using test blocks calibrated traceable to the Rockwell standards maintained by NIST. This can be accomplished through the use of commercial test blocks calibrated traceable to the NIST standards or by directly using the NIST SRMs. This requirement will apply only to the Rockwell scale(s) for which NIST supplies primary reference test blocksNote 2In previous editions of this standard, ball indenters were required to be of hard steel. Beginning with this edition, tungsten-carbide balls are also allowed. This change is a first step in a planned future transition to eliminate steel balls and allow only the use of tungsten carbide balls. The elimination of steel ball indenters is scheduled to occur in about two years. The use of tungsten carbide balls will provide an improvement to the Rockwell hardness test because of the tendency of steel balls to flatten with use, which results in an erroneously elevated hardness value. In addition, NIST is planning to standardize the HRB scale using tungsten-carbide balls. As a result of this change, this edition also requires that when a ball indenter is used, the Rockwell hardness value must be reported with the scale designation followed by the letter 'S' to indicate the use of a steel ball or the letter 'W' to indicate the use of a tungsten carbide ball. The user is cautioned that Rockwell hardness tests comparing the use of steel and tungsten carbide balls have been shown to give different results. For example, depending on the material tested and its hardness level, Rockwell B scale tests using a tungsten carbide ball indenter have given results up to one Rockwell point lower than when a steel ball indenter is used.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A623 Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements
A623M Specification for Tin Mill Products, General Requirements [Metric]
B19 Specification for Cartridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate, Bar, and Disks
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And Rolled Bar
B96/B96M Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar for General Purposes and Pressure Vessels
B103/B103M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
B121/B121M Specification for Leaded Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
B122/B122M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy, Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver), and Copper-Nickel Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
B130 Specification for Commercial Bronze Strip for Bullet Jackets
B134/B134M Specification for Brass Wire
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
B370 Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for Building Construction
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness
E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ISO Standards
ISO 6508-1 Metallic Materials--Rockwell Hardness Test--Part 1: Test Method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. ISO/IEC 17011 Conformity Assessment--General Requirements for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity Assessment Bodies ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration LaboratoriesAmerican Bearings Manufacturer Association Standard
ABMA 10-1989 Metal Balls Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA), 2025 M Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036.Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard
SAE J417 Hardness Tests and Hardness Number Conversions Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.Keywords
hardness; mechanical test; metals; Rockwell;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 77.040.10 (Mechanical testing of metals)
DOI: 10.1520/E0018-02
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