1. Scope

1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjunct to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in thin-wall steel investment castings. Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the adjunct digital reference images which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following:

1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of thin-wall steel casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination.

1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.

1.2 Two illustration categories are covered as follows:

1.2.1 Graded Six common discontinuity types each illustrated in eight degrees of progressively increasing severity.

1.2.2 Ungraded Twelve single illustrations of additional discontinuity types and of patterns and imperfections not generally regarded as discontinuities.

1.3 The reference radiographs were developed for casting sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) in thickness.

1.4 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.

Note 1The set of digital reference images consists of 16 digital files, software to load the desired format and specific instructions on the loading process. The 16 reference images illustrate eight grades of severity in six common discontinuity types and twelve ungraded discontinuities and contain an image of a step wedge and two duplex-wire gauges. Refer to Practice E2002 for wire pair details.

1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.6 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types or degrees of discontinuities when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of thin-wall investment castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E192 .

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination

E192 Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications

E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology

E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations

E1320 Reference Radiographs for Titanium Castings

E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology

E2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays

SMPTE Practice

Keywords

aerospace; digital reference image; discontinuities; investment castings; nickel; steel; X-ray;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 35.140 (Computer graphics); 49.035 (Components for aerospace construction)

DOI: 10.1520/E2660-10

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.