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Description of ASTM-E2868 2013ASTM E2868-13Historical Standard: Standard Digital Reference Images for Steel Castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in ThicknessASTM E2868Scope 1.1 These digital reference images illustrate various categories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses up to 2 in. (50.8 mm). The digital reference images are an adjunct to this standard and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.3). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these digital reference images are described in 1.2.
Note 1—The basis of application for these reference images requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of
radiographic examination attributes and acceptance criteria as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard.
1.2 These digital reference images consist of three separate volumes (see Note 2) as follows: (I) medium voltage (nominal 250-kV) X rays, (II) 1-MV X rays and Iridium-192 radiation, and (III) 2-MV to 4-MV X rays and Cobalt-60 radiation. Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with production digital images produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume consists of six categories of graded discontinuities of increasing severity level and four categories of ungraded discontinuities. Reference images containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. The following is a list of discontinuity categories, types, and severity levels for the adjunct digital reference images of this standard: 1.2.1 Category A – Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.2 Category B – Sand and slag inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3 Category C – Shrinkage; 4 types: 1.2.3.1 Ca–linear shrinkage– Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.2 Cb–feathery shrinkage– Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.3 Cc–sponge shrinkage– Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.3.4 Cd–combinations of linear, feathery, and sponge shrinkage – Severity levels 1 through 5. 1.2.4 Category D–Crack; 1 illustration. 1.2.5 Category E–Hot Tear; 1 illustration. 1.2.6 Category F–Insert; 1 illustration. 1.2.7 Category G–Mottling; 1 illustration. (See Note 3.)
Note 2—The digital reference images consist of the following:
Volume I: Medium Voltage (nominal 250-kVp) X-Ray Reference Images – Set of 34 illustrations. Volume II: 1-MV X Rays and Iridium-192 Reference Images – Set of 34 illustrations. Volume III: 2-MV to 4-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 Reference Images – Set of 34 illustrations.
Note 3—Although Category G – Mottling is listed for all three volumes, the appearance of mottling is dependent on the
level of radiation energy. Mottling appears reasonably prominent in Volume I; however, because of the higher radiation energy levels mottling may not be apparent in Volume II nor Volume
III.
1.3 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract. 1.4 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in steel castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of steel castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness, refer to Reference Radiographs E446. 1.5 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes. (See Note 4.)
Note 4—Each volume of digital reference images consists of 7 digital data files, software to load the desired format
and specific instructions on the loading process. The 34 reference images in each volume illustrate six categories of graded discontinuities and four categories of ungraded discontinuities and
contain an image of a step wedge. Available from ASTM International Headquarters, Order No: RRE2868.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Keywords discontinuities; discontinuity classification criterion; digital reference images; gamma ray; X-ray ICS Code ICS Number Code 77.040.20 (Non-destructive testing of metals) DOI: 10.1520/E2868-13 The following editions for this book are also available...This book also exists in the following packages...Subscription InformationMADCAD.com ASTM Standards subscriptions are annual and access is unlimited concurrency based (number of people that can access the subscription at any given time) from single office location. For pricing on multiple office location ASTM Standards Subscriptions, please contact us at info@madcad.com or +1 800.798.9296.
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About ASTMASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence. ASTM’s leadership in international standards development is driven by the contributions of its members: more than 30,000 of the world’s top technical experts and business professionals representing 150 countries. Working in an open and transparent process and using ASTM’s advanced electronic infrastructure, ASTM members deliver the test methods, specifications, guides, and practices that support industries and governments worldwide. |
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