Significance and Use

In this guide, factors that shall be considered in conducting a valid test for the determination of the coefficient of friction of a tribosystem are covered, and the use of a standard reporting format for friction data is encouraged.

The factors that are important for a valid test may not be obvious to non-tribologists, and the friction tests referenced will assist in selecting the apparatus and test technique that is most appropriate to simulate a tribosystem of interest.

The tribology literature is replete with friction data that cannot readily be used by others because specifics are not presented on the tribosystem that was used to develop the data. The overall goal of this guide is to provide a reporting format that will enable computer databases to be readily established. These databases can be searched for material couples and tribosystems of interest. Their use will significantly reduce the need for each laboratory to do its own testing. Sufficient information on test conditions will be available to determine applicability of the friction data to the engineer's specific needs.

1. Scope

1.1 This guide covers information to assist in the selection of a method for measuring the frictional properties of materials. Requirements for minimum data and a format for presenting these data are suggested. The use of the suggested reporting form will increase the long-term usefulness of the test results within a given laboratory and will facilitate the exchange of test results between laboratories. It is hoped that the use of a uniform reporting format will provide the basis for the preparation of handbooks and computerized databases.

1.2 This guide applies to most solid materials and to most friction measuring techniques and test equipment.

1.3 Units The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C808 Guide for Reporting Friction and Wear Test Results of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Bearing and Seal Materials

C1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method

D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting

D2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine

D2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish Flooring

D2534 Test Method for Coefficient of Kinetic Friction for Wax Coatings

D2714 Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine

D3108 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material

D3412 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Yarn

D3702 Test Method for Wear Rate and Coefficient of Friction of Materials in Self-Lubricated Rubbing Contact Using a Thrust Washer Testing Machine

D4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces for Coefficient of Friction Testing

D4917 Test Method for Coefficient of Static and Kinetic Friction of Uncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use of the Horizontal Plane Method

D4918 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction of Uncoated Writing and Printing Paper by Use of the Inclined Plane Method

D5183 Test Method for Determination of the Coefficient of Friction of Lubricants Using the Four-Ball Wear Test Machine

D6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils Using SRV Test Machine

E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or Process

E303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester

E670 Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on Paved Surfaces Using the Mu-Meter

E1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface Frictional Properties Using the Dynamic Friction Tester

E2100 Practice for Calculating the International Runway Friction Index

E2101 Test Method for Measuring the Frictional Properties of Winter Contaminated Pavement Surfaces Using an Averaging-Type Spot Measuring Decelerometer

F609 Test Method for Using a Horizontal Pull Slipmeter (HPS)

F695 Practice for Ranking of Test Data Obtained for Measurement of Slip Resistance of Footwear Sole, Heel, and Related Materials

F732 Test Method for Wear Testing of Polymeric Materials Used in Total Joint Prostheses

G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion

G77 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test

G99 Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus

G133 Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear

G137 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastic Materials to Sliding Wear Using a Block-On-Ring Configuration

G143 Test Method for Measurement of Web/Roller Friction Characteristics

G163 Guide for Digital Data Acquisition in Wear and Friction Measurements

G164 Test Method for Determination of Surface Lubrication on Flexible Webs

G176 Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Plastics to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test--Cumulative Wear Method

G181 Test Method for Conducting Friction Tests of Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Materials Under Lubricated Conditions

G182 Test Method for Determination of the Breakaway Friction Characteristics of Rolling Element Bearings

G194 Test Method for Measuring Rolling Friction Characteristics of a Spherical Shape on a Flat Horizontal Plane

Keywords

coefficient of friction; data analysis; friction coefficients; friction/frictional properties; kinetic coefficient of friction; static coefficient of friction; triboelements; Coefficient of friction (COF); Data analysis; Friction coefficients; Friction/frictional properties--metallic materials; Kinetic friction analysis; Static coefficient of friction; Static tests--metals/alloys; Triboelements ;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 17.040.20 (Properties of surfaces); 19.060 (Mechanical testing)

DOI: 10.1520/G0115-10

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM G115