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PD CISPR/TR 18-2:2017 Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment - Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits, 2017
- National foreword
- CONTENTS
- FOREWORD
- INTRODUCTION
- 1 Scope
- 2 Normative references
- 3 Terms and definitions
- 4 Measurements [Go to Page]
- 4.1 Measuring instruments [Go to Page]
- 4.1.1 Response of a standard quasi-peak CISPR measuring receiver to AC generated corona noise
- 4.1.2 Other measuring instruments
- 4.2 On-site measurements on HV overhead power lines [Go to Page]
- 4.2.1 General
- 4.2.2 Measurements in the frequency range 0,15 MHz to 30 MHz
- 4.2.3 Measurements in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz
- 4.2.4 Measurements in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 3 GHz
- 4.3 Statistical evaluation of the radio noise level of a line
- Tables [Go to Page]
- Table 1 – Number of n sets of the radio noise level measurements and corresponding values for factor k
- 4.4 Additional information to be given in the report
- 4.5 Measurements on HV equipment in the laboratory [Go to Page]
- 4.5.1 Overview
- 4.5.2 State of the test object
- 4.5.3 Test area
- 4.5.4 Atmospheric conditions
- 4.5.5 Test circuit – Basic diagram
- 4.5.6 Practical arrangement of the test circuit
- 4.5.7 Test circuit components
- 4.5.8 Measuring receiver connections
- 4.5.9 Mounting and arrangement of test object
- 4.5.10 Measurement frequency
- 4.5.11 Checking of the test circuit
- 4.5.12 Calibration of the test circuit
- 4.5.13 Test procedure
- 4.5.14 Related observations during the test
- 4.5.15 Data to be given in test report
- 5 Methods for derivation of limits for HV power systems [Go to Page]
- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 Significance of CISPR limits for power lines
- 5.3 Technical considerations for derivation of limits for lines [Go to Page]
- 5.3.1 Basic approach
- 5.3.2 General
- 5.3.3 Minimum broadcast signal levels to be protected
- Table 2 – Minimum usable broadcast signal field strengths in the v.h.f bands according to CCIR [Go to Page]
- 5.3.4 Required signal-to-noise ratio
- 5.3.5 Use of data on radio noise compiled during measurements in the field
- 5.3.6 Use of data obtained by prediction of the radio noise from high-voltage overhead power lines
- 5.4 Methods of determining compliance of measured data with limits [Go to Page]
- 5.4.1 Long-term recording
- 5.4.2 Sampling method
- 5.4.3 Survey methods
- 5.4.4 Alternative criteria for an acceptable noise level
- 5.5 Examples for derivation of limits in the frequency range below 30 MHz [Go to Page]
- 5.5.1 Radio reception
- 5.5.2 Television reception, 47 MHz to 230 MHz
- 5.5.3 Digital terrestrial television reception, 470 MHz to 950 MHz
- 5.6 Additional remarks
- 5.7 Technical considerations for derivation of limits for line equipment and HVAC substations [Go to Page]
- 5.7.1 General
- 5.7.2 Current injected by line components and hardware
- 5.7.3 Current injected by substation equipment
- 5.7.4 Practical derivation of limits in the l.f. and m.f. band
- 6 Methods for derivation of limits for the radio noise produced by insulator sets [Go to Page]
- 6.1 General considerations
- 6.2 Insulator types
- 6.3 Influence of insulator surface conditions [Go to Page]
- 6.3.1 General
- 6.3.2 Clean insulators
- 6.3.3 Slightly polluted insulators
- 6.3.4 Polluted insulators
- 6.4 Criteria for setting up radio noise limits for insulators [Go to Page]
- 6.4.1 General
- 6.4.2 Criterion for insulators to be installed in type A areas
- 6.4.3 Criterion for insulators to be installed in type B areas
- 6.4.4 Criterion for insulators to be installed in type C areas
- 6.5 Recommendations
- Table 3 – Recommendations for the radio noise voltage limits and for the test methods for insulator sets installed in different areas
- 7 Methods for derivation of limits for the radio noise due to HVDC converter stations and similar installations [Go to Page]
- 7.1 General considerations
- 7.2 Sources of interference [Go to Page]
- 7.2.1 Mechanism of radio noise generation
- 7.2.2 Influence of station design on radio interference
- 7.3 Radiated fields from valve halls [Go to Page]
- 7.3.1 Frequency spectra
- 7.3.2 Lateral attenuation
- 7.3.3 Reduction of the radio interference due to direct radiation from the valve hall
- 7.4 Conducted interference along the transmission lines [Go to Page]
- 7.4.1 Description of the mechanism and typical longitudinal profiles
- 7.4.2 Reduction of the interference conducted along the transmission lines
- 7.5 General criteria for stating limits [Go to Page]
- 7.5.1 Overview
- 7.5.2 Direct radiation
- 7.5.3 Propagation along the lines
- 8 Figures
- Figures [Go to Page]
- Figure 1 – Transformation of pulses through a CISPR measuring receiver
- Figure 2 – Bursts of corona pulses generated by alternating voltage
- Figure 3 – Example of extrapolation to determine the radio noise field strength reference level of a power line, here at the direct reference distance of 20 m
- Figure 4 – Basic test circuit
- Figure 5 – Standard test circuit
- Figure 6 – Connection to the measuring receiver by a coaxial cable
- Figure 7 – Connection to the measuring receiver by a balanced cable
- Figure 8 – Special test circuit
- Figure 9 – Arrangement for calibration of the standard test circuit
- Figure 10 – Map showing boundaries of zones A, B, and C in regions 1 and 3
- Figure 11 – Illustration of the four basic parameters for a power transmission line
- Figure 12 – Example of typical statistical yearly "all-weather" distributions of the radio-noise levels of a bipolar direct current line (-----) and for an alternating current line in a moderate climate (- – -)
- Figure 13 – Example of radio noise voltage level V, as a function of the relative air humidity R.H., in clean conditions and slightly polluted conditions, of astandard insulator (-----) and a particular type of "low noise" insulator (- – -)
- Figure 14 – Example of frequency spectra of pulses with different rise times, simulating commutation phenomena in mercury valves and in thyristor valves
- Figure 15 – Example of frequency spectra of the radio interference recorded outside the hall of a mercury arc valve converter station with and without toroidal filters
- Figure 16 – Example of frequency spectra of the radio interference recorded outside the hall of a thyristor valve converter station for different operating conditions
- Figure 17 – Attenuation of the field strength as a function of the distance on a horizontal plane, for different frequencies
- Figure 18 – Example of frequency spectrum of the radio interference in the vicinity of a DC line (30 m) at a short distance from the converter station
- Figure 19 – Example of frequency spectra of the radio interference in the vicinity of an AC line (20 m) at a short distance from the converter station
- Figure 20 – Frequency spectra of radio interference at 20 m from the electrode line at 1,5 km from the Gotland HVDC link in Sweden with mercury arc groupsor thyristor groups in operation
- Figure 21 – Frequency spectra of radio interference at 20 m from the electrode line at 1,5 km and 4,5 km from the Gotland HVDC link in Sweden with mercury arc groups in operation
- Figure 22 – Frequency spectra of the radio interference recorded along a 200 kV DC line, at 20 m from the conductor, at different distances from the converter station
- Annexes [Go to Page]
- Annex A (informative) Radio interference measuring apparatus differing from the CISPR basic standard instruments
- Annex B (normative) List of additional information to be included in the report on the results of measurements on operational lines
- Annex C (informative) Minimum radio signal levels to be protected –ITU recommendations
- Table C.1 – Minimum field strength (l.f. and m.f. radio)
- Table C.2 – Nominal usable field strength
- Table C.3 – Minimum field strength (h.f. radio)
- Table C.4 – Field strength limit (amateur radio)
- Annex D (informative) Minimum broadcast signals to be protected –North American standards
- Table D.1 – Signal levels at the edge of the service area in North America
- Annex E (informative) Required signal-to-noise ratios for satisfactory reception
- Table E.1 – Summary of signal-to-noise ratios for corona from AC lines (Signal measured with average detector, noise measured with quasi-peak detector)
- Table E.2 – Quality of radio reception or degree of annoyance due to RFI
- Annex F (informative) Derivation of the equation for the protected distance
- Bibliography [Go to Page]