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ASME SBS-2023 Structures for Bulk Solids, 2023

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ASME SBS-2023 Structures for Bulk Solids, 2023

CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ASME SBS COMMITTEE ROSTER
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE SBS COMMITTEE
Section 1 General Requirements [Go to Page]
1-1 SCOPE [Go to Page]
1-1.1 General Requirements
1-1.2 Jurisdictional Requirements
1-1.3 Classes Not in Scope
1-1.4 Bolted Containers Not Within Scope
1-1.5 Pressure-Retaining Parts Within Scope
1-1.6 Overpressure Protection
1-1.7 Nondestructive Examination
1-2 RESPONSIBILITIES [Go to Page]
1-2.1 Owner’s Responsibilities
1-2.2 Manufacturer’s Responsibilities
1-3 FABRICATION METHODS
1-4 ALTERNATIVE STRESS DESIGN BASIS
1-5 ITEMS NOT DESCRIBED
Section 2 References
Section 3 Definitions [Go to Page]
3-1 GENERAL
3-2 DEFINITIONS FOR SECTION 5
3-3 DEFINITIONS FOR SECTION 6
3-4 NOMENCLATURE
Section 4 Materials [Go to Page]
4-1 GENERAL
4-2 PLATES AND SHEETS
4-3 STRUCTURAL SHAPES
4-4 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS
4-5 FASTENERS AND ANCHOR RODS
4-6 WELDING MATERIAL
4-7 GASKETS AND SEALANTS
4-8 CLADDING
Section 5 Loadings Imposed by Bulk Solids [Go to Page]
5-1 INTRODUCTION [Go to Page]
5-1.1 Geometrical Limitations
5-1.2 Limitations on Stored Solids
5-1.3 Limitations on Filling and Discharge Arrangements
5-1.4 Designs That Are Out of Scope
5-2 CALCULATING LOADINGS IMPOSED BY BULK SOLIDS [Go to Page]
5-2.1 General
5-2.2 Flow Patterns
5-2.3 Design Classes
5-2.4 Bulk Solids Properties
5-2.5 Calculation Procedure
5-2.6 Design Loads
Section 6 Design [Go to Page]
6-1 SCOPE
6-2 INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY THE PURCHASER
6-3 WELDED JOINTS [Go to Page]
6-3.1 Weld Size
6-3.2 Restrictions on Welded Joints
6-3.3 Typical Joints
6-4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS [Go to Page]
6-4.1 Loads
6-4.2 Special Provisions for Stored Contents With Earthquake Load
6-4.3 Design Factors
6-4.4 External Loads
6-5 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS [Go to Page]
6-5.1 Adequacy of Foundation Support
6-5.2 Wear and Corrosion Allowance
6-5.3 Annular Bearing Plates
6-5.4 Concrete Bearing Provisions
6-6 SHELL DESIGN OF WELDED AND SMOOTH-WALL BOLTED CONTAINERS [Go to Page]
6-6.1 General
6-6.2 Allowable Design Stresses
6-6.3 Shell Plate Thickness for Welded and Smooth-Wall Bolted Containers
6-6.4 Shell Stability Under Vertical Compression
6-6.5 Shell Design for External Pressure
6-7 OPENINGS IN CYLINDRICAL AND CONICAL SHELLS
6-8 ROOF DESIGN [Go to Page]
6-8.1 General
6-8.2 Self-Supporting Cone Roofs
6-8.3 Self-Supporting Spherical and Umbrella Dome Roofs
6-8.4 Rafter-Supported Cone Roofs
6-8.5 Rafter-Supported Spherical and Umbrella Dome Roofs
6-8.6 Internal Pressure Design
6-8.7 Compression or Tension Ring at the Roof–Cylindrical Shell Junction
6-9 ANCHORAGE DESIGN [Go to Page]
6-9.1 General
6-9.2 Self-Anchored Containers
6-9.3 Anchored Containers
6-10 CONTAINERS WITH SUSPENDED CONICAL HOPPERS [Go to Page]
6-10.1 General
6-10.2 Stresses in Suspended Conical Hoppers
6-10.3 Welded Conical Hoppers
6-10.4 Bolted Conical Hoppers
6-10.5 Reinforcement at the Cone–Cylinder Junction
6-11 COLUMN-SUPPORTED ELEVATED CONTAINERS [Go to Page]
6-11.1 General
6-11.2 Direct Ring–Girder Moment, Torsional Moment, and Vertical Shear
6-11.3 Thrust and Moment From Equally Spaced Radial Loads
6-11.4 Maximum Ring–Girder Loads From Horizontal Loads Resisted by Column Bracing
6-11.5 Column-Supported Elevated Containers Without Ring Girders
6-12 SMOOTH-WALL BOLTED CONTAINERS [Go to Page]
6-12.1 General
6-12.2 Materials
6-12.3 Bolted Joint Design
6-12.4 Loads
6-12.5 Steel Structural Members
6-13 CORRUGATED-WALL BOLTED CONTAINER [Go to Page]
6-13.1 General
6-13.2 General Limitations
6-13.3 Design Considerations
Section 7 Fabrication [Go to Page]
7-1 GENERAL FABRICATION AND ERECTION [Go to Page]
7-1.1 Workmanship
7-1.2 Shaping and Forming of Shells, Bottom Transition Cones, Roofs, and Heads
7-1.3 Dimensional Tolerances for Assembled Structures
7-1.4 Marking
7-1.5 Shipping
7-1.6 Inspection
7-1.7 Foundation Preparation
7-2 FABRICATION AND ERECTION OF WELDED CONTAINERS [Go to Page]
7-2.1 General Fabrication
7-2.2 Details of Welding
7-2.3 Attachments
7-2.4 Welding Process
7-2.5 Repair of Weld Defects
7-2.6 Postweld Heat Treatment
7-2.7 Clad Construction
7-3 ERECTION OF BOLTED CONTAINERS [Go to Page]
7-3.1 General
7-3.2 Assembly
7-3.3 Preparation of Surfaces to Be Bolted
7-3.4 Bolting
7-3.5 Bolt Tightening Requirements
7-3.6 Gasketing and Sealants
7-3.7 Dimensional Tolerance
7-3.8 Access Hatches, Openings, and Penetrations
Section 8 Examination and Testing [Go to Page]
8-1 GENERAL
8-2 SHOP INSPECTION
8-3 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES [Go to Page]
8-3.1 General
8-3.2 Plumbness
8-3.3 Roundness
8-3.4 Local Deviations
8-3.5 Measurements
8-4 RADIOGRAPHY [Go to Page]
8-4.1 General
8-4.2 Application
8-4.3 Required Radiography
8-4.4 Technique
8-4.5 Acceptance Criteria
8-4.6 Limits of Defective Welding
8-4.7 Radiographic Examination Records
8-5 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF WELDED JOINTS
8-6 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
8-7 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION
8-8 VISUAL EXAMINATION
8-9 COATING INSPECTION [Go to Page]
8-9.1 General
8-9.2 Personnel Qualification
8-9.3 Inspection Procedures
8-10 CONTAINER LOAD TESTING
8-11 INSPECTION PRIOR TO SHIPMENT
8-12 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF BOLTED CONTAINERS [Go to Page]
8-12.1 Tolerances
8-12.2 Bolting
8-12.3 Coatings for Bolted Tanks
8-12.4 Seam Leak Test
Section 9 Overpressure Protection Venting [Go to Page]
9-1 SCOPE
9-2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
9-3 DESIGN BASIS FOR EXPLOSION (DEFLAGRATION) PROTECTION
9-4 SELECTION AND LOCATION OF OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION DEVICES
9-5 SIZING AND SETTING OF OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION DEVICES
Figures [Go to Page]
Figure 5-1.1-1 Container Geometry Definitions
Figure 5-2.6.1.1-1 Symmetrical Pressures in the Cylinder Segment
Figure 5-2.6.1.2-1 Pressures in a Squat or Intermediate Slenderness Container
Figure 5-2.6.1.3-1 Pressures in a Retaining Container
Figure 5-2.6.2-1 Boundary Between Steep and Shallow Hoppers
Figure 5-2.6.2-2 Distributions of Filling Pressures in Steep and Shallow Hoppers
Figure 5-2.6.2.2.3-1 Pressures on the Bottom of a Squat or Intermediate Slenderness Container
Figure 5-2.6.2.3-1 Discharge Pressures in a Steep Hopper
Figure 5-2.6.2.3-2 Conical Boundary Between Mass Flow and Funnel Flow for Pressure Calculations
Figure 5-2.6.2.3-3 Plane Flow Boundary Between Mass and Funnel Flow for Pressure Calculations
Figure 5-2.6.3.2-1 Pressure for Container Storing Fluidized Solids
Figure 6-3.3.1-1 Typical Bottom Joints
Figure 6-3.3.1-2 Typical Horizontal and Vertical Shell Joints
Figure 6-8.2.3-1 Permissible Roof-to-Shell Connection Details
Figure 6-8.4.6-1 Maximum Spacing of Rafters in Spherical/Umbrella Dome Roofs
Figure 6-8.5.8-1 Dome Roof Rafter Buckling Modes
Figure 6-10.5.1-1 Hopper Apex Half Angle
Figure 6-10.5.3-1 Effective Area of Compression Ring at Cone–Cylinder Junction
Figure 6-10.5.3-2 Typical Cone–Cylinder Compression Rings
Figure 6-10.5.3-3 Placement Limit for Added Material Relative to Springline
Figure 6-11.1-1 Typical Ring Girder/Column Attachment Details
Figure 6-11.2.1-1 Ring Girder on Equally Spaced Supports Under Uniform Vertical Load
Figure 6-11.2.2-1 Angle Between Support and Point Under Consideration
Figure 6-11.4-1 Horizontal Force Orientation
Figure 6-12.3.7.1-1 Examples of Joint Configurations and Calculated Efficiencies, E
Figure 7-1.3.5-1 Radial Tilt
Figure 7-2.2.1.3-1 Butt Welding Plates of Unequal Thickness
Figure 7-2.2.2.1-1 Head- or Cone-to-Shell Attachment Types
Figure 7-2.2.2.2-1 Weld Joints in Shells, Heads, and Roofs
Figure 7-2.2.5.1-1 Weld Joint Categories
Figure 7-2.2.7.1-1 Weld-Spacing Requirements
Figure 7-2.3.2.3-1 Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Heads, Shells, etc.
Figure 7-2.3.2.4-1 Some Acceptable Types of Small Fittings
Figure C-1.1-1 Mass Flow Pattern
Figure C-1.2-1 Funnel Flow Pattern
Figure C-2-1 Mass Flow Design Diagrams
Tables [Go to Page]
Table 4-2-1 Materials
Table 4-5-1 Fastener Materials
Table 4-7-1 Physical Requirements for Gasket Material
Table 5-2.1-1 Slenderness Category
Table 5-2.4-1 Values of Bulk Solid Properties to Be Used for Load Case for Design Class 2 Containers
Table 6-3.2-1 Minimum Fillet Weld Sizes
Table 6-3.3.6-1 Minimum Top Angle Sizes
Table 6-5.3-1 Annular Bearing Plate Thickness
Table 6-6.1.2-1 Minimum Shell Plate Thickness for Welded Containers
Table 6-11.3-1 Coefficients for Thrusts and Moments From Equally Spaced, Equal Radial Loads, P
Table 6-11.4-1 Coefficients for Maximum Reactions in the Ring Girder From Horizontal Forces
Table 6-12.3.7.1-1 Nominal Tensile Strength and Shear Strength for Bolts ≥0.25 in. and <0.5 in. in Diameter
Table 6-12.3.7.1-2 Nominal Tensile and Shear Strength for Bolts ≥0.5 in. in Diameter
Table 7-1.2.2-1 Elastic Forming Limits
Table 7-1.3.3-1 Roundness Tolerance
Table 7-2.1.4.1-1 Joint Alignment Tolerances for Butt Weld Joints
Table 7-2.1.8.4-1 Weld Reinforcement
Table 7-2.2.1.6-1 Minimum Fillet Weld Size
Table 7-2.2.5.1-1 Weld Joint Categories
Table 7-2.2.6-1 Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Arc- and Gas-Welded Joints
Table 7-2.6.1.1-1 PWHT Requirements for Carbon Steels
Table 7-2.6.1.1-2 Alternative PWHT Requirements for Carbon Steels
Table D-1-1 Bulk Solids Properties
Table D-1-2 Wall Surface Definition
Form [Go to Page]
Form B-1-1 ASME SBS Data Sheet for Bulk Solids Storage Containers
MANDATORY APPENDIX I FOUNDATION DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS [Go to Page]
I-1 SCOPE
I-2 REFERENCES
I-3 DEFINITIONS
I-4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
I-5 DESIGN AND DRAWINGS
I-6 FOUNDATION INSTALLATIONS
I-7 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
I-8 DIRECT EARTH CONTACT FOUNDATIONS
I-9 DESIGN
I-10 CONSTRUCTION
I-11 FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES
I-12 INSPECTIONS AND TESTING
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A COATINGS AND LININGS [Go to Page]
A-1 SCOPE
A-2 REFERENCES
A-3 DEFINITIONS
A-4 CORROSION, ABRASION, AND EROSION [Go to Page]
A-4.1 General
A-4.2 External Corrosion
A-4.3 Internal Corrosion
A-5 DETERMINING THE NEED FOR COATING OR LINING [Go to Page]
A-5.1 General
A-5.2 Coatings and Linings for Corrosion and Abrasion Protection
A-5.3 Linings for Flow Promotion
A-5.4 Container Design Considerations
A-5.5 Suitability for Change in Service
A-5.6 Upset Conditions
A-6 CONTAINER COATING/LINING SELECTION [Go to Page]
A-6.1 General
A-6.2 Environmental Considerations
A-6.3 Exceptional Circumstances Affecting Coating or Lining Selection
A-7 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR FIELD-APPLIED COATINGS OR LININGS [Go to Page]
A-7.1 General
A-7.2 Precleaning
A-7.3 Weld Preparation
A-7.4 Abrasive Blasting
A-7.5 Surface Profile and Anchor Pattern
A-7.6 Types and Quality of Abrasives
A-8 COATING OR LINING APPLICATION [Go to Page]
A-8.1 General
A-8.2 Guidelines for Coating or Lining Application
A-8.3 Temperature and Humidity Control
A-8.4 Thickness and Curing
A-9 INSPECTION [Go to Page]
A-9.1 General
A-9.2 Qualification of Inspection Personnel
A-9.3 Recommended Inspection Parameters
A-10 REPAIR OF COATINGS AND LININGS [Go to Page]
A-10.1 General
A-10.2 Determine Cause of Failure
A-10.3 Types of Repair
A-10.4 Coating or Lining Manufacturer’s Recommendations
A-11 SAFETY [Go to Page]
A-11.1 General
A-11.2 Bulk Storage Container Entry
A-11.3 Ventilation of Confined Space
A-11.4 Surface Preparation for Coating or Lining Applications
A-11.5 Manufacturer’s Safety Data Sheets
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B ASME SBS DATA SHEET FOR BULK SOLIDS STORAGE CONTAINERS
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C FLOW PATTERNS [Go to Page]
C-1 FLOW PATTERNS [Go to Page]
C-1.1 Mass Flow
C-1.2 Funnel Flow
C-2 DESIGN CHARTS FOR MASS FLOW
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D BULK SOLIDS PROPERTIES [Go to Page]
D-1 VALUES OF PROPERTIES OF BULK SOLIDS [Go to Page]

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